would be a number of problems in emerging with satis- 

 factory products, from information access and admin- 

 istrative difficulties to, perhaps most significantly, 

 entirely different perceptions of the content of the 

 study of science policy, incompatible terminology, 

 and divergent analytical traditions, not to mention 

 the important substantative differences in the making 

 of science policy in the two countries. In many 

 senses, we were speaking entirely different languages 

 to one another and for this reason our initial prog- 

 ress was often slow and painful. 



By 1976-1977, however, enough progress had been 

 made to encourage U.S. participants to think about 

 compiling what we had learned, both about ourselves 

 and the Soviet Union, into monograph form in order to 

 make this information accessible to the public at 

 large. Again, not surprisingly, the job of compila- 

 tion was beset by many of the same difficulties men- 

 tioned above. An initial summary prepared by Bat telle 

 Columbus Laboratories was reviewed and commented upon 

 by U.S. participants, after which Mr. Nat C. Robertson, 

 a distinguished technical administrator and research 

 scientist with broad experience in the U.S. industrial 

 sector, and Dr. Paul M. Cocks, a leading specialist on 

 science policy in the U.S.S.R., utilized the data pre- 

 pared by Battelle in writing the present volumes. The 

 results, I believe, merit close examination by schol- 

 ars, scientists, government and industrial officials, 

 and the lay public. 



The time and effort of an unusually large number of 

 individuals went into vaious phases of this project. 

 Nat Robertson and Paul Cocks deserve special praise 

 for taking on the extremely challenging task of sift- 

 ing through the mass of accumulated material, verifying 

 data, and integrating it with their own expert knowl- 

 edge to yield an intelligent and illuminating final 

 product. The initial summary by Battelle Columbus 

 Laboratories was, of course, highly instrumental in 

 getting the study off the ground and the contributions 

 of the Battelle staff are gratefully acknowledged. 

 The information contained in the volume on the U.S.S.R. 

 could not have been obtained in the first place were 



IX 



