Industry, Chemical Industry, and Planning and Fi- 

 nance. In general, though, pur knowledge of the na- 

 ture and distribution of functions within the appa- 

 ratus of the Central Committee in this policy sphere 

 is very limited. 



It is clear that considerable influence is exer- 

 cised by the Party machinery through its general con- 

 trol of personnel selection. All major appointments 

 in scientific and educational institutions are first 

 screened and approved by the Central Committee or its 

 local counterparts, depending upon the significance 

 of the post. 



Below the level of the Central Committee, Party 

 organization to a large degree parallels the organi- 

 zation of the government and economy. Party organs 

 are established on a territorial basis (republic* 

 province, and city). Party cells or at least repre- 

 sentatives are also created in all significant per- 

 forming establishments. Down the hierarchies of pub- 

 lic administration, Party officials supervise and 

 penetrate the legislative and executive organs of 

 government, in a complex pattern of cooptation and 

 interdependence. A principal reason for this kind 

 of organizational arrangement is to enable Party 

 authorities to monitor economic and technical plan- 

 ning and performance through channels independent of 

 the government hierarchy and, when necessary, to fa- 

 cilitate plan fulfillment with such measures as Party 

 assistance in resource allocation. 



In general, Party organs have a pronounced impact 

 on science policy formulation and implementation, 

 particularly at the highest levels of the Party. 

 While the informal or unstated nature of the impact 

 renders it difficult to document systematically, the 

 Party remains a potent force. 



The Supreme Soviet of the USSR 



The Supreme Soviet is the highest legislative body 

 in the Soviet government. About 1500 deputies are 

 elected to this "parliament," usually every five 



25 



