lowing forms: 



1. Development and assimilation of new systems of 

 machines, new equipment for mechanization and 

 automation, and new materials and products 



2. Development and assimilation of improved tech- 

 nological processes and methods of reducing 

 environmental pollution 



3. Improvements in production organization and 

 management, including the introduction of au- 

 tomated control and management information 

 systems 



4. Work on problems in the fields of construc- 

 tion, architecture, agriculture, and public 

 health. 



To solve the 200 basic S&T problems in the current 

 Tenth Plan, nearly 1900 new kinds of machines, in- 

 struments, and products, 900 new economical materi- 

 als, more than 1000 new technological processes, and 

 about 700 automated control systems are slated for 

 development . "-'■ 



In general, fundamental research problems are not 

 included among the basic S&T problems but are listed 

 among the problems in the natural and social scien- 

 ces, which are also funded from the State Budget. 

 For example, only six percent of the basic problems 

 in the Eighth Plan incorporated the fundamental re- 

 search stage, but none was limited to it. More than 

 half of the problems were confined to areas of ap- 

 plied research and/or development. Only about 40 

 percent of the problems extended through the stage 

 of innovation and production assimilation. °^ In ac- 

 cord with the increasing emphasis in science policy 

 on the need to utilize R&D results in the economy, 

 the list of 200 basic problems in the Tenth Plan con- 

 tains a greater proportion of innovation-directed 

 projects. More than half of the new hardware, tech- 

 nology, and materials in development are planned to 

 be carried through to the phase of trial lot produc- 



116 



