Each of these responsibilities forms the basic work- 

 ing orientation for one or more of the Council's 

 state committees or specialized agencies. 



Policy-Making Organs of the Union-Republic 

 Governments 



The governments of the union republics are pat- 

 terned after the central government establishment, 

 with a Supreme Soviet and a Council of Ministers in 

 each republic. As with the central government, real 

 administrative authority rests with the councils of 

 ministers and, ultimately, the republic Communist 

 Parties. The membership of a republic council of 

 ministers consists of the heads of about 30 republic 

 and republic-level union-republic ministries as well 

 as republic counterparts to state committees and oth- 

 er specialized agencies. 



Republic ministries are directly the province of 

 the republic council of ministers. However, under 

 the principle of "dual subordination" a union-repub- 

 lic ministry or agency is subordinate to both its 

 respective republic council of ministers and its su- 

 perior ministry in Moscow. Figure 9-3 illustrates 

 the interrelationships between ministries and agen- 

 cies of this type and all-union and republic policy- 

 making organs. Note that each of the three types of 

 institutional hierarchies concerned with science and 

 technology — the academies of sciences, the industrial 

 branch ministries, and the ministries of higher and 

 specialized secondary education — is characterized in 

 part by conditions of dual subordination. 



The republic councils of ministers have authority 

 over a broad range of issues pertaining to the di- 

 rection of scientific and technical progress in the 

 institutes and enterprises of the republic. Relevant 

 functions include: 



1. Consideration of draft plans developed by the 

 central ministries for their subordinate or- 

 ganizations in the republic 



32 



