132. Ibid. , p. 21. 



133. Bashin, Planirovaniye rabot otraslevykh Nil i 

 KB, p. 53. 



134. Nolting, The Planning of Research, Develop- 

 ment, and Innovation in the USSR , pp. 21-22. 



135. Tipovaya metodika razrabotki pyatiletnogo plana 

 proizvodstvennogo obyedineniya (Kombinata) , predpri- 

 yatiya (Moscow, 1975), p. 28. 



136. Nolting, The Planning of Research, Develop- 

 ment, and Innovation in the USSR , p. 4. 



137. Ibid. 



138. V. Budavey, "Kompleksnoye planirovaniye nauch—- 

 no-tekhnicheskogo progressa," Voprosy ekonomiki , 11 

 (1975), p. 18. 



139. Budavey and Panova, op. cit. , p. 181. 



140. M. Vilenskiy, "Planirovaniye effekta nauchno- 

 tekhnicheskogo progressa," Voprosy ekonomiki , 1 (1978), 

 pp. 106-107. 



141. Nolting, The Planning of Research, Develop- 

 ment, and Innovation in the USSR, p. 11. 



142. Ring, "Problemnoye upravleniye v nauke: pravo- 

 vyye aspekty," pp. 30-31. 



143. Ya. Vladychin and I. Syrayezhin, "According to 

 Tomorrow's Normatives," Pravda , May 7, 1977. 



144. Igor Berman, "From the Achieved Level," Soviet 

 Studies, XXX, 2 (April 1978), p. 167. 



175 



