XII A COMPARISON OF SCIENCE POLICY IN THE 



U.S. AND U.S.S.R 298 



The Science Policy Environment .... 298 



Relationship of Scientific R&D 



to Industry 304 



Selection of S&T Goals and Evaluation 



of Results 311 



Incentives and Obstacles to 



Innovation 322 



Institutional Responses to New 



Complexity of S&T Problems 328 



LIST OF FIGURES 



8-1 Overall Structure of the Soviet System 



of R&D Planning and Management 19 



8-2 Top Level Governmental Organizations 

 Responsible for Science Policy Making 

 in the USSR 27 



8-3 Organizational Structure of Science 



Policy at the Union Republic Level .... 33 



8-4 Structure of the USSR State Committee 



for Science and Technology 39 



8-5 General Organization of the USSR State 



Planning Committee (Gosplan) 42 



8-6 Structure of the USSR Academy of 



Sciences 48 



8-7 Organization and Management of R&D in 



a Union Level Industrial Ministry .... 58 



8-8 The Administrative Network of the USSR 

 Ministry of Higher and Specialized 

 Secondary Education (MinVUZ) 63 



8-9 Organizational Structure of a Research 

 Institute of the USSR Academy of 

 Sciences 66 



v 



