may be pursued; and (3) a large number of specialized 

 single-curriculum institutes, such as the Leningrad 

 Institute for Aviation Instrument Construction and 

 the Mendeleyev Moscow Chemical Technical Institute. 

 The institutes concentrate on applied research, most 

 of which is funded through contracts with industry. 

 University research generally is conducted within de- 

 partmental structures by an individual professor; but 

 in some universities special scientific research in- 

 stitutes have been formed. 



Figure 9-11 presents a generalized organizational 

 chart of the administration of scientific research 

 work in VUZy. As the chart illustrates, a VUZ sci- 

 entific research institute may be subordinate to a 

 related faculty of the VUZ or to the VUZ as a whole. 

 The research laboratories may be similarly subordi- 

 nated. VUZ labs may be branch laboratories or prob- 

 lem laboratories. The former conduct research on an 

 industrial organizations needs for new materials, 

 processes, and equipment, whereas problem laborato- 

 ries are created for the execution of major scien- 

 tific, engineering, and experimental design pro- 

 jects. In VUZy under the USSR Ministry of Higher 

 and Specialized Secondary Education at the end of 

 1971 there were 55 scientific research institutes, 



A19 problem laboratories, and 528 branch laborato- 



27 



ries/' 



Industrial Enterprises 



An enterprise is a legally independent entity con- 

 cerned almost exclusively with production. It has 

 its own technical, production, and financial plan 

 ( tekhpromf inplan ) containing production, organiza- 

 tional, and technical chapters and targets, in 

 principle well integrated. It has its own assets, 

 including working capital. When on an independent 

 balance sheet, it has an account in the State Bank. 

 It most frequently includes a single plant. 



The term enterprise ( predpriyatiye) is also a ge- 

 neric term that covers a number of forms of produc- 

 tion organization. One is the plant ( zavod ) , which 



70 



