drainages with populations of both summer- and winter-run steelhead. there ma>' or may not he 

 temporal or spatial separation of spawning. 



SPECIES DISTRIBUTION 



The present endemic distribution of steelhead extends from the Kamchatka Peninsula, Asia, east 

 and south, along the Pacific coast of North America, to Malibu Creek in southern California. 



MAJOR IMPACTS 



Logging, mining, agricultural activities (e.g.. livestock grazing), and water withdrawals have 

 likely contributed to the decline of steelhead populations within the Klamath Mountains Province 

 ESU. In the Klamath and Rogue River Basins, dams without fish passage facilities have 

 decreased the amount of habitat available for steelhead, and may have also contributed to the 

 decrease in Klamath Mountains Province steelhead populations. There are also fish passage 

 concerns regarding dams with inadequate fish passage facilities. 



Klamath Mountains Province steelhead are not currently targeted for commercial harvest, and 

 scientific and educational programs have had little or no impact on Klamath Mountains Province 

 steelhead populations. However, steelhead are popular gamefish throughout the Pacific 

 Northwest and, in some locations, recreational fishing may contribute to the general decline of 

 steelhead populations. 



Early mechanisms regulating local mining and timber harvest activities in the Klamath 

 Mountains Province clearly were inadequate. Early mining practices were particularly 

 destructive in portions of the Rogue and Trinity River (a tributary of the Klamath River) 

 watersheds. Although most of these particularly destructive mining and timber harvest activities 

 no longer occur, land management activities still contribute to adverse habitat modifications. 



Drought conditions contribute to reduced Klamath Mountains Province steelhead production. In 

 general, drought conditions have existed in southern Oregon since 1977. Also, unusually warm 

 ocean surface temperatures and associated changes in coastal currents and upwelling, known as 

 EI Nirio conditions, have occurred in recent years and resulted in ecosystem alterations such as 

 reductions in primary and secondary productivity and changes in prey and predator species 

 distributions. 



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