Appendices 85 



Appendix B 



Preparation of the Five -Year Outlook 



There are many centers of decision on the allocation of 

 resources to the support of science and technology in the 

 United States and on the use of the results of science and 

 technology for a variety of public purposes. Hence, the 

 National Science Foundation (NSF) decided at an early 

 stage that each Five -Year Outlook should draw upon a 

 broad range of perspectives, both inside and outside the 

 Federal structure. Accordingly, the first Five-Year Out- 

 look on science and technology, transmitted to Congress 

 in May 1980, synthesized and highlighted detailed treat- 

 ments of selected developments and issues contributed by 

 the National Academy of Sciences, 21 Federal agencies, 

 and 15 individual specialists in specific science and tech- 

 nology policy topics.' Those contributions were pub- 

 lished in a separate source volume. Publication of the 

 highlights and the more detailed source contributions in 

 two separate volumes represented a compromise between 

 the expressed needs of Congress for a relatively brief 

 summary of significant trends and issues, and the desir- 

 ability of providing more exhaustive documentation of 

 specific topics for readers who wish to assess the support- 

 ing arguments and evidence relating to conclusions set 

 forth in the summary. 



The second Five-Year Outlook similarly draws on a 

 range of sources and makes a similar compromise be- 

 tween brevity and comprehensiveness. The nature of the 

 contributions and the ways in which the information they 

 provide has been synthesized differ, however, from the 

 first Five-Year Outlook. These differences reflect, in part, 

 comments and suggestions made by readers of the first 

 Five-Year Outlook, views expressed at three congres- 

 sional hearings,- a symposium at the 1981 Annual Meet- 

 ing of the American Association for the Advancement of 

 Science,' and extensive evaluations by the five university 

 science, technology, and public policy groups listed in 

 Appendix C. 



The design and content of the Five-Year Outlook, par- 

 ticularly selection of the four generic topics of Chapter 1 

 and the issues highlighted in both chapters, incorporates 

 the continuing advice of consultants representing univer- 

 sities, industries, and State and local governments, and 

 the results of discussions with representatives of several 



'Five-Year Outlook: Problems. Opportunities and Constraints in Sci- 

 ence and Technology. National Science Foundation; Washington. DC. 

 1980. In two volumes (NSF Publications 80-29 and 80-30). 

 -June 13, 1980; Subcommittee on Science, Research and Technology of 

 the House Committee on Science and Technology; July 31. 1980; full 

 House Committee on Science and Technology; September 19. 1980; 

 Subcommittee on Science, Technology and Space of the Senate Commit- 

 tee on Commerce. Science and Transportation. 

 -AAAS. Program of the 147th National Meeting (January 3-8. 1981). 

 p- 107. 



Federal agencies, including the Office of Science and 

 Technology Policy (OSTP) and the Office of Management 

 and Budget (0MB). 



Responsibility for designing and preparing the Five- 

 Year Outlook on science and technology was assigned to 

 the staff of the NSF Office of Special Projects: 



Dr. William A. Blanpied 



Dr. Alan I. Leshner 



Ms. Maeve McCarthy 



Ms. Minerva Reid. 



Liaison with other units of NSF was provided by an 

 Interdirectorate Advisory Group: 



Dr Alphonse Buccino, Directorate for Science and 

 Engineering Education 



Dr William Butcher, Directorate for Engineering 



Dr Marta Cehelsky, Office of Planning and Resource 

 Management 



Dr Judith Coakley, Directorate for Engineering 



Dr. Frank Eden, Directorate for Astronomical, At- 

 mospheric, Earth and Ocean Sciences 



Dr. Richard Louttit, Directorate for Biological, Be- 

 havioral and Social Sciences 



Dr. Richard Nicholson, Directorate for Mathematical 

 and Physical Sciences 



Dr. Robert Rabin, Directorate for Biological, Be- 

 havioral and Social Sciences. 



Individual sections of the Five-Year Outlook were pre- 

 pared with the assistance of NSF's Division of Policy 

 Research and Analysis. Sections were reviewed by techni- 

 cal experts inside and outside the Federal Government, 

 and a revised manuscript was reviewed at a meeting of 

 technical experts on April 9-10, 1981. Assistance in com- 

 piling quantitative material was provided by NSF's Divi- 

 sion of Science Resources Studies. The final manuscript 

 was reviewed by the Executive Office of the President 

 prior to transmission to Congress. Individuals outside 

 NSF who assisted in the design, preparation, and review 

 of the Five-Year Outlook are listed in Appendix C. 



The materials published in the two Source Volumes 

 were reviewed and revised by their respective contributors 

 prior to submission to NSF. Each of the chapters contrib- 

 uted by ttie National Research Council (NRC) was re- 

 viewed by specialists selected by the NRC, and the entire 

 set of chapters was reviewed by the NRC Governing 

 Board. 



Drafts of the papers written for the American Associa- 

 tion for the Advancement of Sciences' Committee on 

 Science, Engineering, and Public Policy were reviewed at 

 two invitational seminars. The reviews also provided the 

 framework for broader discussions incorporated into two 

 additional essays transmitted to NSF with the revised 

 papers. Papers prepared for the Social Science Research 



