II FUNCTIONAL AREA PROBLEMS. OPPORTUNITIES. AND 



CONSTRAINTS 31 



A. Introduction 31 



B. National Security 32 



Electronic Components 32 



Electronic Systems 33 



New Materials Technologies 34 



Aeronautical Technology 35 



Space Defense and Surveillance 36 



Nuclear Test Verification 36 



Human Resources 37 



C. Space 38 



Space Technology and Space Science 39 



The Space Transportation System 39 



Remote Sensing. Communications, and Data Management 41 



International Cooperation and Competition 42 



D. Health 43 



Furthering the Prevention of Illness 44 



Dealing with a Shifting Age Distribution 45 



Dealing with the Problems of Addiction 46 



Fostering the Development and Assessment of Health Care 



Technologies 47 



Ensuring Adequate and Appropriate Health Service Delivery to 



All Americans 48 



Constraints on Advances in the Health Area 49 



E. Energy 50 



Oil and Natural Gas Production 52 



Coal and Coal Derivatives 53 



Nuclear Fission 55 



Renewable Resources 57 



Nuclear Fusion 58 



Improving Energy End-Use Efficiency 59 



International Perspectives 59 



F. Natural Resources 60 



Ensuring an Adequate Supply of Nonfuel Minerals 61 



Providing for a Sufficient Supply of Water 62 



Preserving the Worlds Tropical Forests 64 



Combating the Desertification of Lands 64 



G. Environment 65 



Atmospheric Effects of Fossil Fuels 65 



Managing Hazardous and Toxic Substances 66 



Improving Water Quality 67 



Combating Air Pollution 68 



H. Transportation 69 



Dealing with Increased Capacity Requirements 69 



Improving Transportation Performance 71 



Improving Transportation Safety 71 



