SUPPLEMENT. 165 



P. 24. — Crania, Philippson (not Retz). 



P. 24.— C. anomala. N. of Hebr., 170-530 f. (C. & T.). 

 Var. alba. Shetland (Barlee) ; N. of Hebr., 189 f. (C. & T.). 

 Anomiu turbinata, Poli. 



P. 30. — Anomia ephippittm: and var. aculeata. E. Labrador 

 (Packard) ; Canada (Bell) ; State of Maine (Mighels). 



P. 34. — A. patelliformis. E. Norway, shore — 50 f. (Sars). 



P. 38. — Ostrea edtjlis. In England " oyster " (formerly 

 "oister" and in Cornwall "estren"), Germany " Auster," 

 France "huitre," Holland " oester," Spain " ostia," Italy " os- 

 trega " or a ostrica." F. Many postglacial deposits in Great 

 Britain besides those mentioned in p. 39. Its variability of 

 shape has long made the common oyster a favourite subject 

 for species-making. Dr. Turton, in his ' British Fauna ' 

 (1807), described the "rock-oyster" from South Wales as O. 

 saxatilis ; and Sir Gardner Wilkinson has lately done the same 

 in the ' Zoologist,' and called it O. Virginica, imagining it to 

 be the North- American species. The following notes which I 

 took in 1865 on examining an oyster- fishery in the river 

 Roach, Essex, may be useful. " The fry resembles in shape 

 the seeds of the Shepherd's purse. The front only is fringed 

 with cilia. The body can be seen through the transparent 

 case ; part of it dark, almost black, and crossing diagonally 

 from one side to the other — perhaps the liver. Oysters of all 

 ages from the second year in spawn. Some of the breeding 

 oysters more forward than others in different parts of the 

 river — " black sick " in some places, " white sick " in others. 

 The most forward, or " black sick," easily opened, and have 

 evidently lost much of their muscular power ; these would 

 probably fall an easy prey to Starfishes and Annelids. The 

 fry flit about, but not to any distance ; sometimes head down- 

 wards, or whirling round as if in sport. Eyes black, one on 

 each side of the head or front of the body. Cases filmy, and 

 iridescent or nearly opaline. Eggs white, like miniature grains 

 of pearl-barley." In some verses of Epicharmus (quoted by 

 Athenaeus), commemorative of Hebe's marriage, the oyster, of 

 course, is not wanting at the nuptial feast ; and it is described 

 as difficult to open but easy to eat. Seneca appears to have 



