Breeding potential in captivity : Good . 



Remarks : Transplants to Sequoia National Park (1904), Yosemite Valley, and Monterey 

 County in California and to the Alvord Ranch, Harney County, Oregon, were abandoned 

 because of low calving percentages. Transplant to Owens Valley (1933) succeeded. 

 Today supplemental feeding of hay pellets is necessary on the Tule Elk Reserve, and 

 10 or 15 elk are shot yearly or given to zoological parks to guard against overpopulation; 

 since 1943, in the Owens Valley, legal hunting has cropped the surplus over 300, 

 regarded as the maximum the range can support. The Cache Creek herd, while low 

 in numbers, periodically causes depredation on several large ranches within its range. 



References : 



Allen, CM. 1942. Extinct and vanishing mammals of the Western Hemisphere. 



American Committee for International Wildlife Protection, Spec. Publ. 11, 



pp. 273-275. 

 Amaral. A. A. 1964. Struggle in Owens Valley . Amer. Forests, 70(8): 26-36, 



53-55. 

 Forest Service , U . S . Department of Agriculture . 1966 . Wildlife habitat 



management plan for the Inyo National Forest. 

 Hall, E. R. , and K. R. Kelson. 1959. The mammals of North America. 



Ronald Press, N.Y., Vol. 2, p. 1003. 

 McCullough, D. R. 1971. The tule elk. Univ. of Calif . Press . 

 Rintoul, W. T. 1964. Last of the ghost herd. Westways, 56(1): 8-9 . 



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