SHASTA SALAMANDER Hydromantes shastae (Gorman and Camp) 



Order: CAUDATA Family: PLETHODONTIDAE 



Distinguishing characteristics : A cave associated salamander with webbed toes, 

 relatively long limbs, and a somewhat flattened body; color above is gray-green, tan or 

 reddish with white or silvery flecks on a dark gray venter; adults are 1-1/2 to 2-1/2 inches 

 in snout-vent length. 



Present distribution : Known only from four areas in the limestone region north of Lake 

 Shasta in north-central California; near McCloud River U.S. F.S. Station, southwest 

 tip of McCloud limestone formation. Low Pass Creek, and Brock Mountain (see map in 

 Bury et al, 1969). 



Former distribution : Probably the same as at present. 



Status : Scarce at known localities . 



Estimated numbers : Total number unknown, but fewer than 150 specimens have been 

 collected. 



Breeding rate in the wild : Gorman reported two clutches of nine eggs each that were 

 found in caves on Brock Mountain; the species probably breeds yearly, with egg 

 deposition in early fall . 



Reasons for decline : The species is found in very few places , all of which are threatened 

 by possible exploitation of limestone outcrops for commercial utilization . It is also in 

 danger through decimation of the populations by both amateur and professional biologists, 

 due to its rarity . 



Protective measures already taken : All known localities are within the Shasta-Trinity 

 National Forest Recreation Area, where logging and mining operations are regulated. 

 Protected by California State law . 



Measures proposed : The establishment of a wildlife monument or wildlife refuge for the 

 McCloud and Gray Rocks limestone area, which includes all of the populations of the 

 salamander, would not only protect this species, but also provide protection for a variety 

 of plants and animals endemic to these Triassic and Permian limestone habitats. 



Number in captivity : Very few , if any . 



Breeding potential in captivity : Unknown . 



Remarks : The Shasta salamander was earlier proposed for consideration by Dr. Frederick 

 Gehlbach and by Dr. Robert C. Stebbins , but it was placed as a status undetermined 

 species until additional information became available . Detailed information submitted 

 by R. B. Bury. 



78 



