Belcher. — Land-system of the Iliad. 23 



land in severalty in the passages wherein the word occurs. 

 Although, then, the meaning of -Ar/tos might have been illumined 

 by the admitted meaning of Arjtov, no such light is forthcoming. 

 A possible connection with Aeta (Aai'a) has been suggested, and 

 is very likely. Note, however. Acta seems to be restricted to 

 booty of cattle and movables, is rarely used of men, and in the 

 nature of the case could not be used of land. 



lioXvKXrjpo'i is not found in II., but Kkrjpo? occurs in II. xv. 

 495, seqq., where we read that — The warrior dies no unseemly 

 death who falls fighting for his country : 



ttAA' (xAo^^o? re aor) koI TraTSes OTrifyau) 

 Kai otKos Kai KXrjpos a.Kii]paro<;. 



(His wife, his children, his homestead, and his kAtJ^os remain 

 uninjured.) 



What is K\rjpo<; ? 



Autenreith, s. v., thinks KAaw a cognate. Wharton agrees. 

 In this case KX.rjpo<; means a sherd, a broken twig, a morsel of 

 stone, anything convenient for the casting of the lot. 



In Babrius, Ixx. 2, the gods are said to marry KAr/pw, and 

 "Y/Jpis becomes the spouse of "Apv/s. 



The main idea is allotment by chance. Cf. II. vii. 175. 

 Nine heroes cast lots which of them is to encounter Hector in 

 the duel : 



CK o (.uopi.v K/Viypos Kvverjs ov ap rjUeAov avroi 

 AtavTos. 



In the Dictt. the history of the word is traced until the 

 getting of property in the ordinary course of heritage or com- 

 merce is reached. 



Cf . Demosthenes, 329, § 15 : Ke/cAijpovd/^TyKas p-h/ ^'t'Awi'os Toii 

 KrjSecTTOv )(pr]p.dT(j}V irXeiovwv rj TrevreTaXavTtav. 



In Historic times occurs the well-known instance of tenure 

 by KXrjpo<; in the case of lands annexed by Athens. Evidence 

 goes to show that a slice of arable, of pasture, and of wood- 

 land constituted the KXrjpo<; of the Athenian squatter. 



If the squatter (kX7]povxo<;) preferred his home in Athens he 

 paid a heavy absentee-tax, which in every case amounted to 

 the same sum. The tax tends to prove that, in the case of 

 annexed land, pastures forests and fields were parcelled out 

 into separate patches, and that a KA^pos consisted of an aggre- 

 gation of three such patches. 



The KXrjpo<i then within historic times denotes severalty of 

 permanent tenure with rents appertaining, and a fixed tax in 

 case of absenteeism. 



Eidgway (loc. cit.). Journal of Hellen. Stud., p. 331, Oct., 

 1885, holds that fcA^pos need mean nothing more than that 

 the right to a portion in the common fields shall be preserved. 



