140 Transactions. — Zoology. 



length of test about j^in. ; edges somewhat incurved below, so 

 that the insect is partially enclosed. In the majority of cases 

 (though there are specimens without it) when the test is viewed 

 sideways there is seen to project from it, a little above the 

 abdominal extremity, a kind of curved tube or pipe, like the 

 spout of a teapot, hollow and open at the end, and bent down- 

 wards. Where this tube is absent the edges of the test at the 

 abdominal extremity are slightly turned upwards, leaving a 

 small space under the test. The female at first fills the test, 

 but at gestation shrivels up ; it contains usually a large number 

 of eggs. Insect elliptical in the cephalic and thoracic regions, 

 and smooth, tapering with inconspicuous segments to the 

 abdominal extremity, which is rounded with a short, roundly- 

 conical prolongation ; the anal tubercles spring from the ven- 

 tral surface, near the base of this projection, close to the ano- 

 genital ring, and are therefore not visible when the insect is 

 viewed dorsally. Tubercles short, rather slender, each bearing 

 a short strong seta. Insect entirely apodous. Antennae re- 

 duced to mere irregular rings with a few short hairs. Mentum 

 dimerous. Anogenital ring simple, with six short hairs. 

 Spinnerets of two kinds — some circular orifices, others cylin- 

 drical tubes. They are most numerous at the edges and at 

 the abdominal extremity. 



Female of the second stage red or reddish-brown, some- 

 what more elongated than the adult, rather convex ; length 

 about 3'gin. ; in the beginning of this stage it is slightly covered 

 with loose yellow cottony secretion, which later on becomes a 

 felted, semi-waxy, white test. Entirely apodous. Antennae 

 atrophied, being reduced to a single-jointed conical process, 

 very short, bearing a few hairs at the tip. Mentum dimerous. 

 Anal tubercles short, but more conspicuous than in the 

 adult, not being covered hy any projection of the abdomen : 

 each bears a short seta and a strong spine. Spinnerets of 

 two kinds — some simple circular orifices, others slightly pro- 

 tuberant, double, or figure-of-8 ; the former all over the 

 dorsum but not numerous, the latter very numerous at the 

 edges and on the abdominal region ; from these spinnerets 

 spring some short, white, curly tubes. The female in this 

 stage, having no feet, cannot move ; in changing to the adult 

 form the wliite thin test gradually breaks away, leaving the 

 pellicle to form the apex of the adult test, as before stated. 



Larva reddish-yellow, elliptical, flattish ; length about 

 Jjjin. ; segmented ; active. Anal tubercles very short, seti- 

 ferous. Antennae of six short subequal joints ; no hairs ex- 

 cept on the last joint. Feet rather thick ; tibia shorter than 

 the tarsus ; upper and lower digitules slender knobbed hairs. 

 On the edge of the body is a row of the large, slightly-protu- 

 berant figure-of-8 spinnerets, and also a row of small circular 



