528 Proceedings. 



If we brought here the best plants, the best animals, the best mechanical 

 inventions, our duty was to people these islands with the best men and 

 women. The best races for colonization in temperate zones were— (1) The 

 Scandinavian ; (2) the English, ycotch, and North-east of Ireland people ; 

 (3) the German : in tropical zones, the Asiatic and negro tribes. Unless- 

 precautionary measures were taken, one Asiatic people— the Chinese- 

 would very likely take possession of Northern Australia, which the author 

 deemed inadvisable. He thought that the Australasian Colonies should 

 be divided into three zones of settlement : the first, or temperate zone, to 

 comprise New Zealand, Tasmania, and tlie southern coast of the Aus- 

 tralian Continent ; this zone to be reserved for Scandinavian, English, 

 Irish, Scotch, German, and other such settlement : only 1 per cent, of 

 Chinese to be allowed to reside therein. The second zone to be the more 

 central parts of the Australian Continent, wherein 3 per cent, of Chinese 

 should be allowed to reside. The third zone to be Northern Australia, 

 wherein the settlement should be as follows : — 



Anglo-Saxon 



German 



Scandinavian 



Italian 



Chinese 



East Indian 



Malay 



Japanese 



Negroes 



Arabs . . 



Various other nationalities . . . . 5 „ 



Total .. .. ..100 



To absolutely prohibit Chinese settlement in any part of the Australasian 

 Colonies Mr. Phillips thought barbarous and most inadvisable. He 

 would rather control the immigration in the above-named proportiona 

 by the issue of residential licenses, or passports, in an exactly similar 

 manner to German or French passports inter se, our consuls in China 

 to issue these licenses to respectable Chinese only, and not to the convict 

 class. We had prevented English convicts from coming here, and we were 

 trying to prevent French convicts. Surely we could stop Chinese-convict 

 settlement. In New Zealand there was nearly 1 per cent, of Chinese 

 population already. Residential licenses should be issued to each of 

 these persons forthwith. These could be vised for any place in the colony 

 where Chinese settlement was not too numerous. No Chinese quarter 

 should be allowed in any city of Australasia upon any account whatever ; 

 the police to see that this regulation was especially complied with. Mr. 

 Phillips was also of opinion that European immigration should be en- 

 couraged in large numbers, so as to occupy the temperate zones of Aus- 

 tralasia before the Chinese took up their residence. The United States 

 of America met the threatened Chinese invasion in the best way when it 

 peopled its territoiy with fifty million Europeans. The future sovereignty 

 of the Australian Continent was involved in this question, and Australasia 

 should be peopled as rapidly as possible from the Anglo-Saxon stock. In 

 his paper the autlior gave the Chinese every credit for the virtues they 

 possessed, whilst at the same time he exposed their vices, which he said 

 had to be provided against. 



Sir James Hector thought that the political aspect of this important 

 question was not suitable for discussion here ; but it had also a wide 

 bearing on ethnological science. As regarded the Chinese, taken as a 

 whole, no section of the human race extended over a wider range of 

 climatic conditions, and yet preserved what were to our eye constant 

 national characteristics ; nevertheless, there must be great differences in 



