Tregeak. — Polynesian Knowledge of Cattle. 467 



different ways — teat, tit, titty, tete, tette, titte, &c. — but has 

 European equivalents for each variant : Welsh, did, didi, and 

 a second form teth ; Italian, tetta ; Spanish, teta (atetar, to 

 suckle); German, tutte; Greek, tltOyj, a nurse;* Cornish, tidi, 

 teat. In Maori we have a corresponding word in tete, as whaka- 

 tete (ivhaka-te-te ; whaka=:causative prefix), "to milk." In its 

 simpler form we find it as whaka-te, " to squeeze fluid out of 

 anything ; " thus showing it to be a synonym of viama, to 

 ooze, and u, the breast. f Tahitian form faa-te (lohaka-te) , 

 to draw out, as in milking, or to squeeze out the ui (yellow 

 apple) juice ; fe-titi, to gush out at high pressure ; fetee, id. : 

 Fijian, titi, to ooze : Malay, tetek, the breast. My Ma- 

 ngarevan-French vocabulary gives kaiii (kai-u) as = teter, to 

 suck. The compound Maori words 7note (mo-te) and ngote 

 (ngo-te), to suck, are proofs that the word tete is not of 

 modern introduction. 



The English word "milk," Swedish vijolk, Gothic viilucs, 

 is from a Teutonic base melki, meaning " to stroke out milk " 

 (Skeat) — the Sanscrit inrij, to rub, &c. In Polynesian we 

 have the word as — Samoan, mili, to rub ; Maori, miri, to rub, to 

 touch in passing ; Tahitian, mirimiri, to handle ; Hawaiian, 

 viili, to handle, to bear or carry (here touching the sense of 

 vah and vacca) ; Tongan, mili, to rub. The European forms 

 are probably connected with English " smear," from \/ SMA, 

 to rub ; Danish smere, to smear, oil, butter — as Maori ?7iiri- 

 miri, to smear. 



Fuel. — We know from the evidence of many travellers that 

 among pastoral peoples the dried dung of cattle forms their 

 principal (often their only) fuel. The Maori words kauruki 

 (kaii-ruki), smoke ; kaurukiruki, smoky, dusky, would imply 

 that this word was coined from some such use. The Dutch 

 rook, German ranch, Swedish rok, Icelandic reykr, Scottish 

 reek, all mean " smoke " — on a Teutonic base, ruk, to smoke, 

 reek. This root is referred by Skeat to an Aryan base EUG, 

 allied to \/ Ex\G, to dye, colour ; whence Sanscrit raja, rajas, 

 dimness, sky, dust, pollen ; rajajii, night ; and Icelandic rdkr, 

 twilight. If Skeat is right, the original sense of reek is " that 

 which dims, mist." Jamieson (" Scottish Diet.") also giwesrouk 

 as mist, rouky misty. This is fully supported by Polynesian. 

 We have in Maori kau-nehunchu , dusky, where ne/m = dust, 

 and nehutai spray; koniki (ko-ruki) is "cloudy, overcast:" 

 Samoan, /a'aZoZo'i (whaka-roroki) , to be dark and lowering (of 



• Cf . Tethys, the goddess, " the nursing mother of all things." (?) Sea 

 .^schyl., " Eumen.," 4, 5 ; " II.," xiv., 201. 



t In Hawaiian kiki (in Maori letters titi) means masturbation, 

 precisely as uu does. The word ke (the te of whaka-te) means to 

 thrust, to crowd about a person, &c. — probably a herd-word, like po-po, 

 to throng. 



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