Figure 4-8 



Distribution of industrial R&D 

 expenditures among selected industries, 

 1960-73 



(Percent of Total) 

 40 



ftircraft and missiles 



Chemicals and allied 

 products 



Motor vehicles and other 

 transportation equipment 4 



i< " — "^. -#.*r T.**^ 



M<»-' 



Machinery 



J LJ I L 



_LJ L^ 



I960 '62 '64 'Se 



SOURCE National Science Foundation. 



70 



72 73 



Figure 4-9 



Distribution of scientists and engineers 

 engaged in industrial R&D among selected 

 industries, 1961-74 



(Percent of Total) 

 40 



Aircraft and missiles 



Chemicals & allied products 



*••** Machinery ^^^m 



Motor vehicles and other 

 transportation equipment 



I I I I I I L^ 



J \ L 



1961 '63 '65 '67 '69 



I Full-time equivalent basis. (January) 



SOURCE: National Science Foundation. 



73 74 



federally supported R&D scientists and 

 engineers in industry as of January, 1974, 

 representing almost 30 percent of all R&D 

 scientists and engineers employed by industry. 



Most of the R&D activity in industry is 

 further concentrated within a small number of 

 large companies. i" Of a total of over 11,000 



•" The words "company" and "firm" are used in- 

 terchangeably in this report, even though they may have 

 slightly different meanings in other contexts. Each term 

 denotes a business organization consisting of one or more 

 establishments under common ownership or control. 



R&D-performing companies in 1973, the 300 

 companies with over 10,000 employees 

 accounted for more than 80 percent of all 

 industrial R&D expenditures. Thirty-one of 

 these companies reported R&D programs 

 costing more than $100 million, for a total of 

 almost $12 billion, or more than 60 percent of all 

 R&D expenditures by industry. Thus, even 

 small percentage changes in the level of R&D 

 activity in a few large companies can have a 

 substantial effect on the overall U.S. industrial 

 R&D effort. 



When viewed against the totality of companies 

 which comprise industry, or even the manufac- 



92 



