The R&D programs in the largest of these 

 areas are described below in abbreviated form. 



(1) Health, which consists of the subfunctions 



of biomedical research, mental health, delivery of 

 health care, and drug prevention and rehabilitation. 

 Biomedical research, which accounts for some 

 90 percent of all Federal obligations for 

 health-related R&D, includes activities of 

 the nine National Institutes of Health which 

 deal with specific chronic and communicable 

 diseases as well as general medical sciences. 

 Among these institutes, the cancer, heart 

 and lung, and child health and development 

 research programs have grown the most 

 rapidly in recent years. The second category, 

 mental health, falls entirely within the purview 

 of the National Institute of Mental Health 

 within HEW's Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and 

 Mental Health Administration. This activity 

 received about five percent of the 1974 

 Federal obligations for health-related R&D. 

 Delivery of health care'is composed of a number 

 of HEW programs with widely different 

 missions including the health services 

 research and evaluation program, the 

 Center for Disease Control, the maternal 

 and child health services program, and the 

 National Health Statistics program. The last 

 category of health-related activities is drug 

 prevention and rehabilitation, which includes the 

 drug abuse and alcoholism research ac- 

 tivities of HEW, the drug abuse program of 

 the VA, and the Special Action Office for 

 Drug Abuse and Prevention. 



(2) Environment, which encompasses three 

 areas; pollution control and abatetnent programs 

 of the Environmental Protection Agency 

 (EPA), the Atomic Energy Commission 

 (AEC), and the Department of Transporta- 

 tion (DOT); research aimed at understanding, 

 describing, and predicting the environment sup- 

 ported by the National Aeronautics and 

 Space Administration (NASA), the National 

 Science Foundation (NSF), and the National 

 Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 

 (NOAA); and environmental health programs 

 within the AEC, the EPA, the Bureau of 

 Mines of the Department of the Interior, the 

 National Institute of Environmental Health 

 Sciences, the National Institute for Oc- 

 cupational Safety and Health, and the Food 

 and Drug Administration. 



(3) Transportation and Communication, which 

 consists of R&D in atr, ground, water, and 



multimodal transportation along with 

 co7nmunications-re\ated R&D. Air transportation 

 R&D is composed of NASA's aeronautical 

 research and technology program, and R&D 

 supported by the Federal Aviation Ad- 

 ministration and the Civil Aeronautics 

 Board. Ground transportation R&Dincludes the 

 R&D efforts of the followmg DOT 

 programs — the Urban Mass Transportation 

 Administration, the National Highway 

 Safety Administration, and the Federal 

 Railroad Administration. R&D in water and 

 multimodal transportation includes programs of 

 the Maritime Commission, the U.S. Coast 

 Guard, and the Office of the Secretary of 

 DOT. The communications subfunction is 

 composed for the most part of NASA's 

 communications satellite program. 



(4) Science and Technology Base, which is 

 aimed at expanding and strengthening the 

 Nation's scientific base, is for the most part 

 considered to be untargeted research. Over 

 three-fourths of this function is accounted 

 for by NSF's Scientific Research Project 

 Support Program and AEC's Physical 

 Research Program. Also included in this 

 function are NSF's National Research 

 Centers, the Smithsonians's Basic Research 

 Program, and the National Bureau of 

 Standards (NBS) National Physical 

 Measurement System. 



(5) Natural Resources, includes R&D activities 

 aimed at improving the utilization of the 

 Nation's food, mineral, water, land, and recreation 

 resources. The major programs under food 

 resources are the Department of Agriculture's 

 (USDA) research into the production, 

 marketing and use of agricultural products, 

 and NOAA's ocean fisheries and living 

 marine resources program. The tnmeral 

 resources category is composed of four 

 Department of Interior programs including 

 the areas of mining technology, geological 

 and mineral resource surveys, and 

 metallurgy research. R&D in water resourcesis 

 concentrated in the Department of the 

 Interior under the Geological Survey and 

 the Office of Water Resources. The land 

 resources category consists of 10 relatively 

 small programs; the largest two are the 

 timber management research and the forest 

 insect and disease research, both of the 

 USDA. The recreation resources subfunction is 

 composed of two Department of Interior 

 programs — wildlife resources management 



42 



