small craft, and military astronautics. The first 

 subfunction, missiles and related apiipment, includes 

 efforts related to advanced ICBM's, the Trident 

 submarine-based missiles, and the Safeguard 

 antiballistic missile system. Aircraft and related 

 equipment represents work related to the B-1 

 advanced strategic bomber, the EF-lllA elec- 

 tronic warfare support aircraft, the CH-53E 

 helicopter, the A-10 close air support aircraft, 

 the V/STOL aircraft, the F-15 air superiority 

 fighter and the F-14 interceptor aircraft. Two 

 Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) programs 

 make up the atomic energy subfunction; weapons 

 R&D and testing activities, and naval reactor 

 development. Ships, small craft, and related equipment 

 includes work on the amphibious assault landing 

 craft, the Trident submarine, a prototype 

 surface effects ship, and the patrol hydrofoil 

 missile craft. The mi7i7flri/flsfroMflMhcs subfunction 

 includes such programs as the N A VSTAR global 

 positioning system, the close air support weapon 

 system, the precision location strike system, and 

 the planning efforts related to using the NASA 

 space shuttle for launching military payloads. 

 The remainder of military R&D obligations are 

 spread across the areas of ordnance, combat 

 vehicles, military sciences, other military R&D, 

 other equipment, and program-wide manage- 

 ment and support. 



Space Exploration. The principal programs, in 

 terms of magnitude of 1974 obligations, were 



manned space flight, space sciences, space technology, and 



supporting space activities. The main focus of the 

 manned space program is the space shuttle, and the 

 Apollo-Soyuz Test Project to rendezvous and 

 dock U.S. and U.S.S.R. spacecraft. Within the 

 space sciences, the lunar and planetary program 

 represents the largest activity, followed by the 

 physics and astronomy program, and the launch 

 vehicle support program. Space technology consists 

 of materials and structure research, develop- 

 ment of guidance control systems, and develop- 

 ment of information processing systems. 

 Propulsion systems technology, both chemical 

 and electric, is also part of this subfunction. 

 Supporting space activities are related to operations 

 of tracking and data acquisition networks, and 

 improvement of the capabilities of specialized 

 ground equipment. 



Civilian R&D. The distribution of Federal 

 R&D obligations among the various civilian 

 areas, as well as funds for defense and space, is 

 shown in figure 2-10 for the years 1969 and 

 1974. The relatively rapid growth in R&D 

 obligations to the civilian sector — up from 

 $3,556 million in 1969 to $6,055 million in 

 1974 — is due primarily to increased spending in 

 the health and environmental areas, the first 

 area accounting for 39 percent and the latter 17 

 percent of the total growth in the civilian sector. 

 The several areas comprising this sector are 

 listed in the following table, along with the 

 proportion of funds going to each. 



Distribution of Federal R&D obligations 

 among civilian areas, 1974 



Areas 



Health 



Environment 



Transportation and communication 



Science and technology base 



Natural resources 



Energy development and conversion 



Education 



Income security and social services 



Area and community development & housing 



Economic growth and productivity 



Crime prevention and control 



International cooperation and development . . 



Percent of 

 total R&D 



Percent of 

 civilian R&D 



11.7 



4.2 



3.9 



3.6 



3.6 



3.2 



1.3 



.7 



.7 



.7 



.3 



.2 



34.4 



12.2 



11.4 



10.7 



10.4 



9.5 



3.8 



2.2 



2.1 



1.9 



.9 



.6 



40 



