Table 4-19. Mean time in years between 



invention and innovation, by groups of 



R&D-intensive industries, 1953-73 



1953- 1953- 1960- 1967- 

 R&D intensity 73 59 66 73 



All manufacturing 



industries 7.3 7.8 6.9 7.2 



Group! 6.3 6.1 6.8 5.9 



Group II 8.4 8.5 7.3 9.3 



Grouplll 11-1 12.1 (') 120 



' Insufficient number of innovations tor determining mean 



SOURCE: Gellman Researcli Associates. Inc . Indicators 0/ International 

 Trends In Technological Innovation. 1975 (A study commissioned specifically 

 for this report) 



Table 4-20. "Radicalness" of major U.S. innovations, 1953-73 



Basis of innovations 1953-73 1953-59 1960-66 1967-73 



Percent distribution 

 by basis of innovations 



To,al 100 100 100 100 



Improvement of existing technology 41 45 38 41 



Major tecfinological advance 32 ia J 



Radical breakthrough 27 J& £» 



Number of I nnovations 



Total 208 62 80 66^ 



I Oiai „_ or, 97 



Improvement of existing technology 85 <m ou ^ 



Major technological advance 66 1^ ^ ^^ 



Radical breakthrough 57 d<i ^■i 



NOTE Detail may not add to totals because of rounding 



SOURCE Gellman Research Associates, Inc . Indicators ol International Trends In Technological Innovation. 1975 (A 

 study commissioned specifically for this report). 



226 



