Page 



The Relationship of Fisheries to 

 Estuaries, with Special Reference 



to Puget Sound 248 



Prospects for Aquaculture 250 



4. Dynamics of Lakes 254 



Lake Circulation Patterns 254 



The Effects of Thermal Input on 



Lake Michigan 257 



5. Lake Eutrophication and Productivity .... 261 



Fishery Deterioration in the Great 



Lakes 261 



Problems or Eutrophication in the 



Great Lakes 267 



Pollution and Recovery in Lake 



Washington 270 



IX TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS 



1. Component Relationships 277 



Environmental Design 277 



Maintenance of the Biosphere, with 



Special Reference to Arid Lands . . . 280 



Energy Relationships in Ecological 



Systems 285 



A Note on Soil Studies 291 



2. Forest Ecosystems 292 



The Forest as an Ecosystem 292 



A Note on Hubbard Brook 293 



Tropical Forests 295 



Comparison of Temperate and 



Tropical Forests 298 



3. Forest Animals 302 



Problems of Animal Ecology in 



Forested Areas 302 



Wilderness as a Dynamic Ecosystem, 

 with Reference to Isle Royale 



National Park 303 



4. Forest Fire 306 



Research into Fire Ecology 306 



The Role of Fire in Forest 



Management and Ecology 308 



5. Polar Ecosystems 313 



Polar Flora and Vegetation 313 



X ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS 



Effects of Environmental Pollutants 

 and Exposures on Human Health 

 and Well Being 319 



1. Airborne Chemicals 329 



Chemical Contaminants in the 



Atmosphere 329 



Atmospheric Contaminants and 



Development of Standards 332 



Modeling the Atmosphere 335 



Problems in the Ecology of Smog .... 337 



2. Airborne Biological Materials 339 



Atmospheric Dispersal of Biologically 

 Significant Materials 339 



Biological Monitoring Techniques for 



Measuring Aeroallergens 345 



3. Pests and Pesticides 350 



Environmental Pollution and Pesticides 350 

 Pesticides and the Pollution Problem . 354 



4. Marine Contaminants 357 



Effects on the Ocean of Atmospheric 

 Circulation of Gases and Particulate 

 Matter 357 



Oil on the Sea Floor 361 



5. Environmental Disease 364 



Malaria 364 



Other Parasitic Diseases 367 



XI HUMAN ADAPTATION TO 

 ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS 



Genetic Adaptation to the 



Environment 373 



Aspects of Man's Adaptation in the 



Tropics 378 



Adaptation to High Altitude 379 



Adaptation to Smog and Carbon 



Monoxide 385 



APPENDIX: Summary and Recommendations .... 391 



SELECTED REFERENCES 395 



INDEX 401 



CONTRIBUTORS 423 



NATIONAL SCIENCE BOARD 426 



XI 



