INDEX 



Earthquakes, 21, 22, 35-39, 135 



effect on water quality, 212 



locations, 26, Fig. II— 3, 28, 30 



tidal waves, 81 



volcanic eruptions and, 43 



see also Seismicity of the earth 

 Earthworms, 292 

 East, Edmund, 218 

 East River, New York, 362 

 EASTROPAC Program, 87, 88 

 Echinoderms, 232 

 Eclogite, 29 

 Ecology, 21 



climatic change and, 34, 72 



definition, 285 



precipitation management and, 173, 175 



surveys, 231 



see also Ecosystems 

 Economic effects 



aquaculture, 250-253 



climatic changes, 57, 59 



Corpus Christi Bay, Fig. VIII-10 



costs of contaminants in air, 332, 333, 338 



fisheries of Puget Sound, 249 



fog modification, Fig. VI-9, 183 



hail-suppression, 151, 154 



hurricane modification, 128 



lightning-caused damage, 160 



long-range weather forecasting, 97-98, 

 100 



parasitic diseases, 367, 369 



pesticides, 353 



precipitation management, 172, 173, 175, 

 177 



subsidence in oil and water 



bearing formations, 203, 204 



threat to tundra of developments, 313 



tropical storms, 187-188, 189 



turbulence, 108 



urban-induced weather changes, 115 



see also Benefit/cost analysis 

 Ecosystems 



definition, 285 



freshwater, 225-229 



marine, 230-235 



models, 209 



studies of IBP, 58 



terrestrial, 226 

 Eddy processes: ocean circulation, 80 

 Ekman, V. W., 79 

 Electrojets of ionosphere, 10 

 Electromagnet radiation 



lightning, 157 



tornadoes and, 138-139 



urbanization and, 113 

 Electrons: concentration in ionosphere, 9 

 Elephant-seals, 240, 241 

 Emery, K., 361, 362 

 Emiliani, Cesare, 54 

 Emphysema: air pollution and, 319, 385, 



Fig. XI-8, 387, 389, 390 

 Emulsifiers for floating oil, 362 

 Endrin: phytoplankton and, Fig. VIII— 3 

 Energy 



hailstorms, 149 



hurricanes, 124, 125 



lightning, 157 



monsoons, 186 



needed for food production, 216 



sun, 51, 52, 55 



tornadoes, 145 



volcanic explosions, 44 



waste generation, 330 

 Energy budget 



affected by urbanization, 116 



clear air turbulence, 105, 106 



cloud systems, 171 



drought, 167 



Great Lakes, 269 



horse, Fig. IX-7 



tropical areas, 187, 191, 194 



water evaporation, 200 

 Energy transfer 



ecosystems, 225, 285-291, 301 

 forests, 294, 300 

 tundra, Fig. IX-16 



food chain, Fig. IX-6 



leaves, 288 



world oceans, 236, 237 

 England, 185,390 



air-sea systems, 53, 56, 57, 69, 77, 87, 106 



environmental contamination, 361, 390 



human adaptation, 374, 386 



severe storms, 149 



urbanization, 113, 117, 119 



weather forecasting, 100 



weather modification, 181 



see also London, Eng. 

 Environment 



alteration by volcanoes, 44 



definition, 60, 373 



design, 272-280 



management, 283, 298 



impact of technology, 338 

 Environmental Protection Agency, U.5., 



(EPA), 330, 331, 337, 344, 390 

 Enzymes 



high altitude adaptation, 382 



plant growth and, 288 

 EPA, see Environmental Protection Agency, 



U.S. 

 Equator 



climate, 165, 166, 167 



drift of pollutants across, 190 



dry zones 



meteorological observations, 187 



magnetic, 10, 135 



Pacific area 



drought prediction, 168 

 Erie Canal, 261, 262 

 Erosion 



after fire, 306, 308, 311 



environmental management, 283 



forests, 207, 208, 211, 214 

 tropical areas, 295, 296 



lake aging, 268 



precipitation augmentation, 177 



steep slopes, 211, 212 



surface water and, 204 

 Eskimos, 246, 376 

 Estuaries 



ecosystem, 248-253 



marine productivity, 235, 243 



storm damage, 133 

 Ethology, Animal: application to humans, 

 376 



Ethylene, 320 



Eugeosynclinal belts of rock, 31 



Euler, Ferdinand K., 26 



Euphausia superba, see Krill 



Euphausids, see Krill 



Europe 



agriculture, 291 



air-sea system, 66, 86, 87 



climatic change, 51, 52, 55, 57, 58, 68 



data measurement, 59, Fig. IV-7 



earth processes, 41 



environmental contamination, 69, 193, 

 271, 343, 358 



human adaptation, 374, 376 



severe storms, 149 



urbanization, 113, 114, 119, 226 

 Eutrophication, 209, 322 



beneficial, 217 



deforestation, Fig. IX-9 



Great Lakes, 267-270 



Lake Washington, 270-273 

 Evaporation 



effect on water supply, 198, 200, 

 Fig. VII-2, 202 



fog dispersal, 181 



Lake Michigan, Fig. VIII-13, 259 

 Evapotranspiration, Fig. VII-1, Fig. VII-2 



tropical forest, Fig. IX-10 

 Evolution, Cultural, 51, 377, 378 

 Exosphere, 11 



Expendable Bathy-Thermographs (XBT), 87 

 Extreme ultra violet radiation, 4, 9, 10 



F region of ionosphere, 9, 10 



FAA, see Federal Aviation Administration, 



U.S. 

 Farhi, Leon E., 389 

 Farming 



aerobiology and, 343 



climatic changes and, 57, 58, 59 



cultural pest control, 354 



hail damage, 154 



marketing specialists, 250, 251 



precipitation, 177 



slash and burn technique, 296, Fig. XI-3 



subsistence, 218 



see also Agriculture 

 Faults, 30, 31 

 Fawbush, Ernest J., 101 

 Federal Aviation Administration, U.S. 



(FAA), 158 

 Feedback 



atmospheric temperatures, 56 



causes of weather changes, 97 

 drought, 165 



human ecosystem, 278 



parasitic diseases and whole life of 

 affected individual, 367, 369 



pest-control technology, 350 



pollution control by nature, 330 

 models, 340 



precipitation mechanisms, 170, 171 



sea-air rythms, 86, 87 



see also Interactions 



406 



