INDEX 



Oil from marine animals, 240, 241, 242 

 Oil/petroleum 



gasoline vaporization, 357 

 prospecting 

 Alaska, 32 



continental shelves, 28 

 flow of wells, 47 

 worldwide, 31, 33 

 sea floor contamination, 361-363 

 subsidence of rock formations, 203 

 water pollution, 322 



effect on marine mammals, 245 

 O'Keeffe, Andrew E., 330 

 Oklahoma, Fig. V-7 

 Olivine in mantle, 29 

 Omnivores: food chain, 286 

 Opik, Ernst, 52 

 Oregon, 40, 204 



Organophosphorus compounds, 355 

 Orinoco River, SA., 300 

 Orographic clouds, 175 

 Orographic lifting and tilting, 111 

 Orville, H. D., 150 

 Ostracods, Fig. VIII-5 

 Ottersten, Hans, 106 

 Overgrazing, see Grazing practices 

 Owens Valley, Cal., 38 

 Owl monkey, 365 

 Owls, 302 

 Oxidation 



carbon monoxide, 358 

 floating oil lumps, 362 

 of soil humus, releasing CO:.-, 71 

 Oxides, 319, 333 

 Oxygen 

 atomic 



in mesosphere, 12 

 in thermosphere, 11 

 consumption by biosphere, 286 

 forest ecosystem, 301 

 from plants, 287, 288 

 human consumption at high altitudes, 

 379, Fig. XI-4, Fig. XI-5, 382 

 newborns, 384 

 in atmosphere 34, 320, 329 

 in forest streams, 206 

 in lakes, 263, 264, 268, 270 

 in Lake Washington, 271 

 in ocean water, 83, 84, 233 



antarctic, 232 

 in the blood, 387 

 oxygen isotope ( ls O) 



ice-caps of Greenland, 57 

 in foraminiferal shells, 53 

 in sea-core dating, Fig. II 1—3 

 Oyster-farming: U.S., 252 

 Ozone (O:,), 11, 12 



in atmosphere, 89, 319, 320 

 health hazard, 387, 388, 390 

 urban areas, 117 

 in stratosphere, 55, 58, 287 



monitoring, 69 

 volcanic gases and, 41 



P-waves, 29 



Pacific Northwest, 209 



Pacific Ocean 



air-sea system, Fig. 1V-1, 78, 83-87, 165, 

 167, 358 



coral reefs, 232 



data measurements, 79, 81, 98, 100 



earth processes, 28, 30, 31, 35, 37, 38, 45 



environmental contamination, 367 



severe storms, 123, 189 



water resources, 233, 236, 242, 244 



weather forecasting, 101, 168 

 PAHO, see Pan American Health 



Organization 

 Paleozoic era, 31, 52 

 Pan American Boeing 707, 158 

 Pan American Health Organization 



(PAHO), 379, 380 

 Panama City, Fla., 253 

 Panofsky, Hans A., 105 

 Paraffins, 361 

 Parameterization 



cumulonimbus convection, 189 



hurricane modeling, 126, 128 

 Parameters 



animal ecology, 302, 304 



ecosystem modeling, 282, 283 

 forests, 300, 301 



hydrological 



fisheries, 242, 249 

 ocean circulation, 234 



physico-chemical, 340 

 Great Lakes, 227, 266 



statistical 



water cycle, 198, 201, 202 

 Parasites 



in forest ecosystem, 292 



malaria-spreading, 364, 365 



world ocean mammals, 245 

 Paricutin Volcano, Mex., 41 

 Particulates 



air pollutants, 319, 333, 337, 339, 385, 

 387, 388, 390 



radionuclides, 340 



see also Aerosols 

 Patagonia, S.A., 53 

 Pate, John B., 330 

 Patterson, Claire C, 330 

 Pauli, Hannes, 388 

 Pawnee site, 284 

 PCB (Polychlorinated biphenyls) 



in fish, birds and mammals, Fig. X-16 



in fish in lakes, 228 



in oceans, 233, 359 

 Penguins, 232, 241 

 Penman, H. L., 201 

 Pennsylvania, Fig. VI-8, Fig. X-2 

 Perch, 261, 263 

 Perchloroethylene, 357 

 Peridotite in mantle, 29 

 Permutt, Solbert, 389 

 Persistence 



adsorption of pollutants, 291 



drought-producing systems, 165 



forecasting, 99, 102 



pesticides, 352, 356, Fig. X-16 



water contamination in forest areas, 206 



water currents in lakes, 255 

 Peru, 234, 379 



Pesticides, 350-356 



effect on food chain, 244, 245, 323 



effect on terrestrial ecosystems, 301 



effect on water quality 

 forest areas, 206, 207 

 Great Lakes, 264, 265 

 lake eutrophication, 268 



pollution effects 



chlorinated hydrocarbons, 320, 322, 



333, 359 

 phosphorus, 321 



2,4,5-T, 207, 213 



see also Insecticides 

 Pests, 350-356 



see also Insects; Pesticides 

 Petroleum, see Oil/petroleum 

 Petroleum hydrocarbons: marine 



contaminants, Fig. X-17 

 Petrology, 46, 47 

 Pharmacological properties of tropical 



trees, 298 

 Phenology of plant species, 289 

 Phenols, 322 



Phenotypic selection in crop-breeding, 216 

 Phenoxy herbicide, 207 

 Philippine Islands 



conservation, 251 



earth processes, 35, 44 



environmental contamination, 367 



research facility, 185 

 Philippines, University of the, 185 

 Phlegrean Fields, Italy, 43 

 Phloroglucinol 



cloud seeding nucleant, 174 



fog seeding nucleant, 180 

 Phosphates 



contaminants, 322 



Lake Washington nutrient, 271 

 Phosphorus 



enrichment of lake waters, 226, 228, 272 



excess in Lake Erie, 264 



forests, 296, 300 



Great Lakes, 268 



Lake Washington, Fig. VIII-17 

 Phosphorus-fixing 



mineral soils, 209 



trophic dynamics, 227 

 Photochemistry 



air pollution, 385 



ionosphere, 10 



plant growth, 288 

 Photosynthesis 



aquatic plants, 225, 226, 236 



evolution of processes, 34 



Lake Washington, 272 



life support systems and, 285, 286 



marine contaminants and, 359 



modeling, 282 



plant energy exchange, 287, 288 



tundra ecosystem, Fig. IX-16 

 Phytogeography, 344 

 Phytoplankton, Fig. VIII-4 



absorption of nutrients, 234 



in aquaculture, Fig. VIII-11 



in lakes, 226, 227 



in oceans, 233, Fig. VIII-6, 359, 361, 362 



sensitivity to insecticides, Fig. VIII— 3 

 Pike, Blue, 261, 263 



414 



