INDEX 



Slash-and-burn technique in tropical 



agriculture, 296, Fig. XI-3 

 Smagorinsky, Joseph, 88 

 Smelt, 261, 263, 264 

 Smith, J. E„ 232 

 Smithsonian Institution, 47, 52 

 Smog, 12, 65, 67, 68, 113 



adaptation to, 385-390 



chambers, 334 



photochemical, 335, 336, 385, 387, 390 

 ecology of, 337-338 

 Smokes, 65, 67, 68 



air pollution, Fig. X-6 



forest fires, 33 



urban-induced, 113 

 Smut (plant diseases), 341 Fig. X-8, 343 

 Snails, see Schistosomiasis 

 Snake River Plain, 29 

 Snow 



cloud seeding and, 170, 171, 177 



cover 



climate and, 64, 68, 97 

 satellite monitoring, 59 



tundra, 313 



urban areas, 114, 117 

 Social implications 



air pollution control, Fig. X-4, 334 



climatic changes, 57 



man-induced weather changes, 172, 

 173, 175 



parasitic diseases, 367, 369 



pollution, 327 

 Social sciences: role in agricultural 



adaptations, 220, 221 

 Sodium arsenate (herbicide), 213 

 Soils 



fertility, 40, 45, 295, 296, 297 



fire and microorganisms, 311, 312 



in forest ecosystems, 292, 293 

 southern pine areas, 311, 312 

 tropical areas, 295, Fig. IX-10 



leaching 



irrigation, 216 



water storage and, 202 



pollution, 291, 323 



reserves of plant nutrients, 215 



studies for ecosystems, 291 



water storage, 200, 202, 211, 212 

 Solar constant, 52, 55 

 Solar flares, Fig. 1-1, 5, 6, 13, 14 

 Solar radiation, 3, 52, 254, 287 



absorption by animals, 289 



atmosphere-ocean system, 66, 67, 70 



atmospheric circulation and, 89 



climatic changes and, 55, 64 



ecosystems, 285, 287, 288, Fig. IX-9, 301 

 food chain, Fig. IX-6 



effect of dust, 57-58, 68, 191, 194 



effect of pollution, Fig. X-2, 332 



effect of snow, 89 



effect of volcanic activity, 45 



effect on climate, 52, 65-69, Fig. III-7 

 tropical areas, 186 



extreme ultraviolet, 4, 9, 10 



modified by CO=, 337 



plant energy, 287 



precipitation, 167, 173 



re-radiation, 70 



scattering, 58, 89 



trophic dynamics, 225, 226 



urban effects on, 113, 114, 116, 119 



water movement and, 200, 206 

 Solar-terrestrial system, 3-13 

 Solar wind, 3, 5, 6, 8, 15 

 Sole, English, 249 

 Solfatara Volcano, Italy, 43 

 Solvents, Dry-cleaning: air pollution, 357 

 Sonar: fisheries management, 244 

 Sonoran Desert, Ariz., 282 

 Sound waves, 112 

 South America 



agriculture, 167, Fig. VII-8, 242 



air-sea system, 77, 86 



earth processes, 27, 28, 32, 35, 44, 59 



ecosystems, 286, 291, 297, 300 



environmental contamination, 364, 365, 

 370 



human adaptation, 378 

 South Carolina, 309, 310 

 South Georgia Island, Antarctica, 239, 241 

 Southern hemisphere 



chronology of tree rings, 61 



dust measurements, 194 



monsoons, 184 



weather forecasting, 90, Fig. IV-7, 98, 103 

 Soybeans, 216, 217 

 Space Environment Laboratory 



(NOAA), 16 

 Spain, 252 

 Spinel, 29 

 Spiny lobsters, 250 

 Sponges, 232 

 Spores: air pollution, 339, 340, 342, 



343, 345 

 Sputum and cough, 386, 390 

 Squirrel, Gray, 302 

 Stabia (historic), 40 

 Stakman, E. C, 339 

 Standard of living, 330 

 Stanford Research Institute, Cal., 330 

 State, U.S., Department of, Fig. VI-11 

 Steam, Industrial: as pollutant, 329 

 Steering methods: weather prediction, 93, 



94, 95, 148 

 Stokes, G. G., 192 

 Stokinger, H. E„ 389 

 Stommel, Henry Nelson, 79 

 Stone Age, 74 

 Stone-crabs, 241 

 Storm systems 



climatic records, 51 



droughts and, 165 



tropical, 189 



influence of dust, 191-194 

 modification, 187 



turbulence in, 108 



urbanization and, 113 



see also Hurricanes; Severe local storms; 

 Tornadoes 

 STORMFURY, Project, 126, 127-132 

 Strait of Magellan, 241 

 Stratopause, 3, 11 

 Stratosphere, 3, 69, 287 



drift of pollutants, 190 



dust in, Fig. 111-10 



turbulence in, 105 



Streamflows 



as part of water supply, 197, 198 

 stability of channels, Fig. VII-7 

 Stress measurement: earthquake prediction 



and, 37, 38 

 Strontium, in isotopic studies, 30 

 Sturgeon, Great Lakes, 263 

 Sub-Antarctica 

 islands, 313-314 

 waters, 240, 241 

 Subsidence, in water and oil bearing 

 formations, 203-204, Fig. VII-3 

 Subtropical belt of dryness, le5, 166, 167, 



191 

 Succession principle of natural communities 

 aquatic, 230 

 forests, 299, 304, 308 

 Suckers (fish), 261 

 Sukurajima (volcano), Japan, 45 

 Sulakvelidze, G. K., 152 

 Sulfur 



agriculture, 215 

 sulfur oxides 



air pollution, 319, 337, 360, 385, 387, 



388, 390 

 modeling, 335, 336 

 natural causes, 330 

 smog, 337 



urban areas, Fig. X-2, 319, 342 

 volcanoes, 21, 41, 43 

 sulphates 



contaminants, 322 

 increase in Great Lakes, 268 

 Sumatra (island), Indonesia, 41, 44 

 Summer 



anomalies, 56 

 droughts (U.S.), lob 

 dust transport, 191, 192 



content, 193 

 forest fires, 309, 310 

 monsoons, 184 



stratification of lake water, 258 

 urban effects on weather, 114, 116 

 Sun, 3-17 



climate and, 51 

 damage to human beings, 325 

 heat input on Great Lakes, 257 

 radiation, 4, 14, 25 

 sunspots, 3, 4, 13, Fig III— 1, 52, 58 

 see also Solar radiation 

 Sunflowers, 216 

 Sunnyvale, Cal., 204 

 Superior Province, Great Lakes, 31 

 Surtsey (volcano), Iceland, 47 

 Sverdrup, H. U., 79 

 Switzerland, 154, Fig. V-14 

 Systematic biology, 231 

 Systems analysis 



environmental design, 289, 340 



forest ecosystem, 294, 295, 300 

 Great Lakes water management, 267, 269- 



270 

 maintenance of the biosphere, 281 

 meteorology, 339 



oceans and marine productivity, 233-235 

 pest control, 352, 353 

 plants, 289 



418 



