« Government/university relationships that serve as a channel for the university's wider community to inter- 

 nationalize. 



Legislative/Executive Authorities for A.I.D.'s Relationship with 

 Research-Intensive Universities: 



Title XII of the Foreign Assistance Act provides special arrangements to strengthen and access Land-grant 

 universities for agricultural projects in developing countries. Through cooperative agreements and grants it also sup- 

 ports research and related activity of importance to development at universities. 



U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (USD A) 

 PERSPECTIVE 



General Description of the Current Relationship: 



The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) is the lead Federal agency for teaching, research, and extension in 

 the food and agricultural sciences. USDA has a number of research and education agencies: the Agricultural Re- 

 search Service, the Cooperative State Research Service, the National Agricultural Library, the Economic Research 

 Service, the Forest Service, the Extension Service, and others with somewhat more limited research and education 

 roles, such as the Office of International Cooperation and Development, the Soil Conservation Service, and the 

 Agricultural Marketing Service, Office of Transportation, Agricultural Cooperative Service, National Agricultural 

 Statistics Service, and Human Nutrition Information Service. 



USDA works with all universities and colleges with programs in the food and agricultural sciences, but has a 

 special relationship to the land-grant system. There are land-grant institutions in each State, the District of Columbia, 

 and some territories. These institutions include Tuskegee University and 16 other institutions authorized in 1890 to 

 serve Black Americans. There are more than 600 university teaching, research, and service programs in the food and 

 agricultural sciences at the baccalaureate or higher levels. 



As the lead Federal agency for higher education in the food and agricultural sciences, USDA works closely with 

 the universities to assure excellence in U.S. higher education — curricula revitalization, faculty development, under- 

 graduate research expansion, emerging technologies usage, etc. The Department also works closely with colleges and 

 universities to assure the Nation an adequate supply of scientists and professionals with requisite expertise in the 

 food and agricultural sciences. It provides graduate fellowships/traineeships and postdoctoral assignments in Federal 

 laboratories as mechanisms to train personnel for critical positions with government, academia, and the private sectors. 



A principal linkage between universities and USDA is through programs of the Cooperative State Research Ser- 

 vice (CSRS), which has responsibility for extramural research and higher education. Hatch Act funds serve as the 

 base upon which other Federal funds — including those for the National Research Initiative and Special Research 

 Grants — and State and private support build. Also, within CSRS the Mclntire-Stennis Cooperative Forestry Program 

 funds forestry research at designated institutions. The Evans-Allen Program allocates funds for agricultural research 

 at the 1890 land-grant institutions and Tuskegee University. The land-grant universities further relate to USDA 

 through programs which involve continuing education and technology transfer through the Extension Service, 

 funded largely by authority of the Smith-Lever Act. It is important to note that Hatch and Smith-Lever funds leverage 

 more than twice the Federal investment from State and private sources. USDA's Agricultural Research Service and 

 Forest Service conduct intramural research with extensive co-location on university campuses and with cooperative 

 and coordinated programs of research. 



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