254 Transactions. 



Farther down the river the white flaggy limestone appears in the left 

 bank, but most of the dark limestone is covered with shingle. The 

 ordinary limestone is well shown, but it has even fewer fossils than usual. 

 The section is perfectly clear, and shows the limestone passing very gradually 

 into the blue clay. The transition is marked by alternations of hard and 

 of soft layers. There is a small reversed fault here, with an upthrust of 

 2 ft. and a hade of 5°. In the first interbedded soft band a small nautiloid, 

 Pecten huttoni (Park), Pachymagas parki (Hutt.), and species of Flabellum 

 are almost the only fossils. In the first horizon of the blue clay proper 

 the commonest fossils are species of Flabellum and Trochocyathus, and 

 Limopsis aurita Brocchi. In the creek-bed many small species are found, 

 such as Alectrion socialis (Hutt.) and Corbula canaliculata Hutt. At the 

 foot of the landslip the ordinary fossils of the blue clay appear ; of these 

 Pecten zitteli Hutt. is more common than usual. A list of the molluscs 

 obtained is given in column 6 of the table, and in addition the following 

 were found : a small nautiloid, Pachymagas parki (Hutt.), Flabellum circulare 

 T.-W., Trochocyathus mantelli T.-W., a scute (?), and whale-bones. 



Near the top of the slip, in the little patch of bush, the blue clays are 

 seen passing into red sands with concretions. These beds are best seen 

 on the right bank a little below the slip, and the middle and upper horizons 

 are seen half a mile down the river on the left bank. The following fossils 

 were collected : TurriteUa semiconcava Sut., Polinices ovatus (Hutt.), P. 

 gibbosus (Hutt.), Siphonalia 'costata (Hutt.), Ancilla hebera (Hutt.), Surcula 

 fusiformis (Hutt.), Pecten huttoni (Park), Venericardia pseutes Sut., Nucula 

 sagittata Sut., and Chione meridionalis (Sow.). Owing to the smallness of 

 this collection, it so happens that no Recent species were found here, but 

 the character of the beds, the stratigraphy, and the nature of these fossils 

 all show that these are the ordinary upper red sands. 



The loess is well shown in the saddle between the Otaio Gorge and Little 

 River, and in a cutting made for a new road through Squire's Farm. (See 

 Plate XVII, fig. 1.) 



White Rock. 



Here only the upper beds of the series are exposed, but their rich fauna 

 has made them very important. The beds show the effects of gentle 

 folding, for the dip alters gradually as we go westwards. There is an 

 interesting occurrence of a lignite in these beds. It does not belong to 

 the coal series, but seems to be almost contemporaneous with the marine 

 fauna found in the ordinary layers. The fossils are found in wonderful 

 profusion in a few narrow layers, but they seem to follow exactly the same 

 order as at Sutherland's. Thus the struthiolarias are confined almost 

 wholly to the upper layer, while the flat lamellibranchs, such as Zenatia 

 acinaces (Q. & Gr.), Chione speighti Sut., &c, are confined to the lower. 

 The molluscs collected are given in column 11 of the table, and in addition 

 Myliobates sp. and Arachnoides placenta were obtained. 



Mount Horrible (Pareora River). 



At the foot of Mount Horrible the river has exposed the limestone, the 

 blue clay, and the red sands. The limestone clearly underlies the blue clay, 

 which in turn passes up gradually into red sands. The limestone at the 

 kiln is very siliceous, with flint nodules. The blue clays are well exposed 

 in the slip at the Fishermen's Huts, and can be followed down the left 

 bank of the river for about one mile and a half. The red sands are found 

 at the level of the water-race above the slip, and in a gully which runs up 



