256 Transactions. 



on the left bank, where the limestone forms cliffs over 80 ft. high. Still 

 farther down there is an exposure of the limestone close in against the 

 greywacke. This would seem to have been faulted down, but the throw 

 of the fault could not have been very great. In the quarry there are two 

 faults, with slickensides, and much of the limestone appears to have been 

 crushed and deformed by pressure. 



The blue clay is seen in the river-bed at the new bridge leading to 

 Totara Valley, and in the terrace south of the railway-line, where the 

 road passes over to Tycho Flat. Half a mile farther down the red sands 

 are well exposed beside the railway. The upper portions of the red sands 

 are exposed all along the valley at the back of the school, but the fossil- 

 iferous horizons are not well exposed there. Near the railway-line the 

 first beds are brown sands, with calcareous sandstone in layers. These 

 sands change to very red sands, with practically no fossils. Again the 

 beds are brown, with no fossils. The first layer of sandstone in this 

 horizon is crowded with species of Psammobia and other flat shells, and 

 Polinices and Natica. The top layer has many specimens of Turritella 

 cavershamensis Harris, and species of Struthiolaria, Glycymeris, and Dosinia. 

 There are also two soft shelly layers crowded with Turritella cavershamensis 

 Harris, as at White Rock. This is the horizon of Latirus brevirostris 

 (Hutt.) and Hemiconus trailli (Hutt.). Except for the difference in colour, 

 the beds are exactly similar to those of White Rock. 



From the lower red sands (Waihao beds) I obtained the following : 

 Turritella cavershamensis Harris, T. symmetrica Hutt., Struthiolaria sp., 

 Polinices gibbosus (Hutt.), Ancilla hebera (Hutt.), Cardium waitakiense Sut., 

 and Glycymeris laticostata (Q. & G.). 



The crab-beds at Cave yielded Cucullaea alta Sow., Chione meridionalis 

 (Sow.), and Limopsis aurita (Brocchi). 



I collected from the limestone at Cave Ampullina sp., Pecten williamsoni 

 Zitt., P. burnetii Zitt.. P. huttoni (Park), Lima (Acesta) imitata Sut., 

 Ostrea sp., Pachymagas parki (Hutt.), P. huttoni Thomson, Liothyrella 

 gravida (Suess), Rhizothyris rhizoida (Hutt.), Terebratulina suessi Hutt., 

 Balanus sp., Pentacrinus stellatus Hutt., Pericosmus compressus McCoy, 

 and Eupatagus tuberculatus Zitt. 



The upper red sands at Sutherland's yielded the sixty-four species 

 of molluscs tabulated in column 12 of the table. 



Little River and the South-west End of Craigmore. 



On the banks of the Little River and its chief tributary there are fine 

 exposures of all the beds from the quartz grits up to the limestone. The 

 grits and sands of the coal series are typically developed above the junc- 

 tion of the two streams, but the coal is represented by a narrow band of 

 carbonaceous clay. The lowest Tertiary bed consists of pipeclay which 

 was laid down on the eroded surface of the Mesozoic rocks. The grits 

 are snow-white in most of this locality. 



The lower sands and sandstones are seen lying on top of the grits, but 

 they are not so fossiliferous as at Otaio Gorge. Below the junction these 

 beds are found in the river-bed, and consist of sands with bands of con- 

 cretionary sandstone and layers of soft crumbly shells. The commonest 

 fossils in this exposure are Venericardia zelandica (Desh.) var. and 

 Turritella symmetrica Hutt., and a few specimens of Ostrea gudexi Sut. may 

 be found. The lower sands and sandstones are exposed all along the left 

 bank until the end of the valley is reached, and they appear in the cuttings 

 on the road that passes above the Pareora dam. 



