Beattie. — The Southern Maorj,, and Greenstone. 47 



Zealand, and at least three places near Dusky Sound perpetuate the 

 memory of his voyage of exploration in that vicinity, but his name and 

 fame have never, that I know of, been associated with greenstone. 



Mr. Cowan has given a tradition accounting for the name tangi-wai, 

 but the Memoirs of the Polynesian Society, vol. 4, page 138, say the name 

 was bestowed on one kind of jadeite because of the tears of Hine-ahu over 

 the death of Tuhua, whom her jealous husband, Tama-ahua, killed. 

 Tama-ahua, twenty-nine generations ago, led a party to get poimamu at 

 Arahura, and not only was tangi-vjai named then, but two other kinds of 

 jadeite were named also — kahurangi and hawakawa ; while through a fire 

 that occurred the kahotea kind of pounamu was burnt, which accounts for 

 its peculiar marking. 



The same authority states that Kupe, thirty-nine generations ago, 

 was the first ,to discover the jadeite, or pounamu. The locality was the 

 Arahura River. The river at the time was swarming with whitebait 

 (inariga), which the party proceeded to catch. Kupe's daughter picked a 

 stone out of the river to act as a sinker to the net, and the one she seized 

 was different from any they had seen before, and so it was called inanga, 

 this remaining to the present day the name of this valued kind of pounamu. 



I have a note as follows : " Piopiotahi was a canoe which came from 

 Hawaiki. Kahotea was the captain and Tangiwai one of the crew, and 

 two kinds of greenstone now bear these names." 



The conflicting evidence regarding the discovery and naming of the 

 various kinds of pounamu occurs because the accounts are gleaned from 

 different tribes, who each have an explanation based on ancestral lore, 

 although it must be admitted that all the traditions are not of equal 

 probability and merit. 



The first settlement of people of Maori blood in the South Island of 

 which we possess reliable information is that under Rakaihautu, a chief 

 who flourished forty-two generations ago. His people were called Waitaha, 

 »and their descendants were numerous in the South Island when the last 

 and principal influx of Maoris occurred, twenty-two generations ago. This 

 Waitaha people used weapons of bone and wood, and the late Tare-te- 

 Maiharoa said of them, " They did not know gretenstone, but used a glassy 

 stone known as takiwai." Takiwai is the southern pronunciation of tangi- 

 wai, said to be the most transparent variety of jade and to come from 

 Milford Sound, so that apparently my informant did not class it as a 

 proper greenstone, which, of course, is scientifically correct. 



Pounamu was classed with fish, according to Dr. Shortland, and there 

 are numerous legends in this connection outside the scope of this paper, 

 but the only reference I have to the Rapuwai people knowing any form 

 of greenstone has a distinctly piscatorial aspect. A sub-tribe of Rapuwai 

 known as Kati-Koko, said my informant, went round to Milford Sound, 

 and, finding a huge piece of greenstone in the sea, set out to drive it round 

 to Foveaux Strait. Three canoes followed it — one on each side and one 

 behind, and yet it nearly escaped several times. They almost got it 

 ashore at Oraka (near Riverton), but it dodged on till it settled where 

 it is, and it now forms Motupiu (Dog Island, near Blufi). My informant 

 added that if you went down into the interior of that island you would 

 find it hollow and supported on three legs, or columns, of greenstone. 



When the Kati-Mamoe Tribe were pushed out of the North Island some 

 time after the arrival of the six canoes, twenty-two generations ago, they 

 spread southward and intermarried with the Waitaha and Rapuwai Tribes 



