60 Transactions. 



the river. The name of the crabs in inland creeks is papaka, and of the 

 crayfish Jcoura. " The native trout, known to the settlers as cockabully, 

 is called kokopu, and the mountain-trout is called kokopara," said my 

 informant, adding, " both these fish are various-coloured, but they are of 

 different shapes." 



Another of the old men said, " The correct name of the cockabuUies 

 is kokopara. They are still to be found in the creeks at Stewart Island." 

 In the early days of Otago settlement the name of this fish was spelt 

 " kokobula," or sometimes " cockabulla." I have a note, " Mata-inaka 

 was a lagoon near Waikouaiti where the Maori got very small whitebait ; 

 hence its name." A fish called puaihakarua, which was cavight in some 

 streams, I have no particulars of, nor of a small fish called ikamaru. 



Sea-fish. 



An old Maori said to me, " Our name for the barracouta is maka, and 

 the proper name of the place the white men call Titri is Kaimaka (to eat 

 barracouta). We caught these fish with a rod {matere), using a jigger {pa) 

 worked with string {tau). When the flesh of the maka was preserved by 

 drying it was called moe. The jigger was made of wood, and whenever 

 possible of towai wood. One of the best places in Otago to get this kind 

 of wood was at a bush called Oreheke, north-west of the Tapuaenuku Range 

 — now called Tapanui — ^and near the head of the Pomahaka River. This 

 bush was full of towai timber. On days when you cannot see a barracouta, 

 and you are getting no bites, use a towai jigger and you will get plenty of 

 fish. The reason for this is because a particular bird once settled on this 

 tree ; but I do not know which bird it was, nor the story about it." 



Another old Maori, in speaking of sea-fish, said, " We called the blue 

 cod, rawaru ; rock-cod, moeanu ; red cod, hoka ; ling, rari ; soles, whose 

 jaws are more bent than flounders, horihori ; butterfish, takakaha ; white- 

 fish, tarakihi. The name of the falls in the Owaka River near the 

 township is Taheke-aua (Mullet Falls). The reason of the name is that 

 the mullet (aua) ran up the river from the sea until stopped by the falls, 

 and that was a great place for catching them." A stream near Taieri 

 Lake was Te Awa-kai-aua (eat mullet), but I do not know why it was so 

 named. 



I have a note, " At Moeraki the fish principally caught are hapuku (groper), 

 rawaru (blue cod), and mangaa (North Island name of barracouta)," but I 

 am sorry I omitted to get details of ancient fishing methods or of the huge 

 flax nets of pre-Buropean days. 



Seals and Sea-lions. 



In regard to the larger denizens of the sea, the southern Maori name 

 for seals generally was pakake ; the fur-seal was kekeno ; the porpoise, 

 terehu ; the sea-leopard, rapoka ; and the sea-lion, tvhakahau. A number 

 of place-names in the South reveals the Maori interest in these mammals, 

 such as Whakawai-pakake (to entice seals), Tangi-pakake (when the mother 

 seals were killed the yo,ung ones would tangi and shed tears), Ara-kaki (the 

 path of a female seal), &c. One old man said, " The two hind flippers 

 of a seal are called ka-kautaua, and two rocks near Ruapuke are called 

 this name because of their shape." Another said, " The bight below 

 Lord's River, Stewart Island, is called Pupuri-kautaua (Hold .on to the 

 flipper) because here a chief named Kahu surprised a whakakau (sea-lion) 

 and caught hold of its flipper and held on till his men could kill it. He 



