412 Transactions. 



Tlie absence of marine rocks above tlie Awamoan in South Canterbury 

 and North Otago, and the probable unconformity between the Mount Brown 

 beds and the Greta beds, suggests a marked regression at the close of the 

 Oamaruian. The succeeding transgression of the Greta and Awatere beds 

 affected an area quite different from that affected by the Oamaruian trans- 

 gression, these beds being entirely absent from Otago and South Canterbury, 

 and in North Canterbury, so , far as is at present known, being confined 

 within the area of the Piripauan beds. In the Awatere district, however, 

 they overlapped the undeilying Notocene rocks on to the pre-Notocene. 

 This distribution can hardly be explained as the result simply of a shallower 

 transgression, though no doubt it was shallower than that of the Oamaruian, 

 but demands differential crustal movements for its explanation — viz., 

 uplift in the south preventing transgression of the sea ; uplifts to the west 

 in North Canterbury restricting the area of the transgression and exposing 

 a surface of pre-Notocene rocks of marked relief to erosion resulting in the 

 gravels of the Greta beds ; and subsidence in the Awatere area. Differential 

 crustal movements at about the same or a slightly earlier period are also 

 demanded in east Marlborough by the presence of the great Marlborough 

 conglomerate. Park's separation of the Greta beds mider the Wanganui 

 system in 1905 was a correct classification. 



The Greta transgression was brought to an end by earth-movements 

 which caused tilting of the marine Notocene rocks in North Canterbury, and 

 during the subsequent erosion the terrestrial Kowhai beds were deposited. 

 Finally came the major block-faulting of the Kaikoura orogenic movements, 

 by which all ih.Q Notocene beds wer^ warped or tilted and the Southern 

 Alps and Kaikoura Mountains came into existence as high ranges. The 

 subsequent history comes into the Notopleistocene, and does not fall within 

 the scope of this paper. 



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