166 ' Transactions. 



p. 278). It has been shown in a former paper that a well-marked fault 

 occurs on the right bank of the Otekaike River, and it probably extends 

 in a south-westerly direction for some distance. The district maps show 

 a marked depression beyond Ben Lomond, and it is probable that sharp 

 folding or faulting has taken place on the same line. The back sloi^e of 

 the Kurow block is not simple, and signs of warping are not wanting ; the 

 general slope, however, is north-westerly, and the majority of the streams 

 are consequent. As already pointed out, the Big Awakino in the lower 

 part of its course is anteconsequent. 



(2.) Awakino and Trig. G Blocks. 



Kurow Hill is a tilted block, as shown by Cotton (1917b, p. 432), and, 

 as the Big Awakino and the Little Awakino flow across it, it has been called 

 the Awakino block. The geological evidence for the boundary faults has 

 been already presented. It has been shown that the coal-rocks crop out 

 on the south-west side of the block, near the base of a steep fault-scarp 

 almost entirely undissected, and traceable for a distance of four miles. 

 This north-westerly-trending fault meets, the main Wharekuri-Otekaike 

 fault in the basin of the Little Awakino Creek, where the scarp dies out 

 and the stripped surface of the Awakino block is seen to dip below the 

 Tertiary rocks. In the basin of the Little Awakino, about a mile from 

 the main rpad, quartz-grits are exposed on both sides of the creek, con- 

 cealing the erosion-surface of the Awakino block, which has been stripped/ 

 of its covering strata towards the south-east in the higher parts of Kurow 

 Hill. These grits on the left bank of the creek crop out near the base of 

 a prominent scarp which rises 200 ft. or 300 ft. above the quartz-grits, the 

 attitude of the rocks clearly indicating faulting. From the top of the scarp 

 the surface slopes towards the north, and the quartz-grits crop out in 

 several places, but the surface has been almost completely stripped. The 

 back slope of this small tilted block, on which the Trig. Station G is 

 situated, descends towards the Waitaki River, where the Tertiary rocks 

 are exposed on both banks. The fault-scarp of this block diminishes in 

 height as the Little Awakino Creek is ascended, and the fault dies out 

 towards the west, the erosion-surfaces of the Awakino block and this small 

 one evidently coalescing, and dipping beneath the Tertiary rocks in the 

 Awahokomo basin. These two blocks are flanked on the east by the 

 Waitaki River, which in this part of its course flows close to the steep scarp 

 of the more elevated Canterbury mountains. The valley-plain of the Wai- 

 taki River from near Trig. Station G to Kurow is narrow and rock-bound, 

 and the stream is now flowing close to the main fault-line on the southern 

 side of these mountains. 



VI. The Gravels (excluding Recent Deposits). 



The terraces and gravels of the Waitaki Valley are well worthy of 

 a detailed study, but good topographical maps are a prime necessity. 

 Some remarks, however, should be made on the gravel deposits. McKay 

 clearly recognized that the gravels were not all of the same origin. His 

 descriptions are somewhat difficult to follow. He distinguishes three 

 types of these deposits — (1) angular gravels, (2) well-rounded coarse gravels, 

 (3) gravels and sands with lignite deposits. He notes that (1) and (2) con- 

 tain fossiliferous Triassic and Permian boulders, and that (3) are often highly 

 tilted. These three types can undoubtedly be recognized, but it will be 



