Page 



B-16. Japanese 



manufacturing R&D 



expenditures by 



industry: selected 



years 57 



B-17. Manufacturing R&D 



activity by industry: 



1985 58 



B-18. Shares of 



manufacturing R&D 



accounted for by the 



five largest R&D 



firms by industry: 



1985 59 



B-19. Number of industrial 

 scientists and 

 engineers engaged in 

 R&D: 1965-85 59 



B-20. Higher education 

 R&D expenditures: 

 1965-86 60 



B-21. Distribution of higher 

 education R&D 

 expenditures among 

 fields: 1985 



B-22. Distribution of 



academic separately 

 budgeted R&D by 

 field: 1982 



B-23. 



B-24. 



B-25. 



Page 



60 



60 



First-university 

 degrees by field and 

 as a proportion of the 

 22-year-oId 



population: 1985 



Doctoral degrees by 

 field and as a 

 proportion of the 27- 

 year-old population: 

 1984 or 1985 



Trends in scientific 

 literature outputs: 

 selected years 



60 



61 



61 



B-26. Japanese-invented 

 U.S. patents by 

 selected patent 

 classes: 1975-84 



B-27. Output per worker- 

 hour in 



manufacturing: 

 1965-85 



B-28. Japanese 



manufacturing use of 

 technical know-how 

 by selected industries: 

 1975 and 1985 



B-29. Japanese trade 

 balance with the 

 United States in 

 technology-intensive 

 products: 1965-85 .... 



B-30. World export shares 

 of technology- 

 intensive products: 

 1965-85 



Page 



61 



62 



62 



63 



63 



50 



