Chart 4. National R&D funding by source 



Percent 

 100 



80 



60 



40 



20 



Japan 



United States 



Industry 



Government 



Industry 



Government 



100 



80 



60 



40 



20 



1970 



1985 



SOURCE: National Science Foundalion. SRS. table B-4 



expenditures while Japanese indus- 

 try supports a greater share (chart 

 5). In 1985, the U.S. Government 

 funded 48 percent of R&D; the Jap- 

 anese Government funded 21 per- 

 cent. Much of this difference in 



Japanese-U.S. Government shares 

 of total funding derives from the U.S. 

 Government's strong support of de- 

 fense-related R&D. On the other 

 hand, Japanese industries provide a 

 relatively larger share of national 



R&D funding — in 1985, Japanese in- 

 dustry funded 69 percent of total 

 R&D compared to the U.S. industry 

 share of 49 percent. 



Although there are major differ- 

 ences in the primary sources of R&D 



Chart 5. National R&D funding by source: 1985 



Percent 

 100 



80 



60 



40 



20 



J Japan 



I United States 



100 



80 



60 



40 



20 



Government 



Industry 



Higher education 



Ottier^ 



aNonprofit institutions and funds from abroad 

 SOURCE: National Science Foundation, SRS. table B-4 



