Each Management Conference evaluates all the existing environ- 

 mental control programs affecting the estuary to be sure they are 

 consistent with the goals and objectives set for the estuary. This 

 evaluation, which begins during the characterization phase, leads 

 to the identification of mechanisms that may enhance each 

 program's effectiveness. On the other hand, an assessment of 

 existing programs may indicate that environmental quality cannot 

 be achieved without major new activities or programs, laws, or 

 institutions. An evaluation assumes the cooperation of all agencies; 

 its results may depend upon it. 



As implementation of an action plan proceeds, each activity is 

 reviewed, evaluated, and redirected as necessary. Therefore, a 

 schedule for Management Conference review, evaluation, and 

 redirection of action plans is built into the CCMP. As each activity 

 is reviewed, crucial data resulting from scientific research and 

 monitoring are considered. 



Generally, data gathering, research, and monitoring are initiated 

 during the characterization phase since new and existing informa- 

 tion is required to identify estuarine problems and their causes. For 

 some problems, scientific activities may continue for years. The 

 CCMP action plans, therefore, should specify what additional re- 

 search is needed. CCMPs should also provide for ongoing monitor- 

 ing. The Water Quality Act requires monitoring of all implemented 

 actions to determine their effectiveness. Monitoring, therefore, 

 goes hand-in-hand with implementation. 



Monitoring needs are identified as part of each action plan. As 

 actions are implemented, monitoring begins. Monitoring, which is 

 an essential part of the review and evaluation process, continues 

 throughout the implementation phase to measure effects of actions 

 and indicate any new trends. Results of monitoring may demonstrate 

 a need to redirect efforts. 



Although the states are primahly responsible for monitoring results 

 of actions, the Management Conference may ask for EPA's assistance. 

 EPA may, in turn, enlist NOAA's support as provided under the Act. 

 In addition, to assist in monitoring, citizens have been recruited by 

 some programs. Appendix F describes citizen monitoring efforts. 



As noted earlier, research efforts in an estuary generally consist of 

 applied science. Research may be short or long term. Some 

 problems identified through characterization may require long-term 

 research, while others can be alleviated through more immediate 

 abatement activities. As research results clarify a problem, the 

 Conference may initiate a new program or modify an existing effort. 

 EPA, NOAA, other federal agencies, state and local governments, 

 educational institutions, and various private- and public-sector 

 groups may sponsor research. 



Periodic Review, 

 Evaluation, and 

 Redirection 



Establishing a 



Monitoring 



Program 



Providing for Research 



57 



