LIMPUS ; 



CANIN: 



In Australia, we are very concerned about turtle 

 exploitation in Indonesia, because these are our 

 turtles being killed. 



Who is behind the trade in Bali? 



SCHULZ ; 



Between 15 and 20 rich boat owners are behind the 

 trade there, but these Balinese are not fishing 

 them, but rather buying up the turtles from other 

 fishermen. 



FRAZER; 



SCHULZ ; 



We have heard that there are thousands of Turtle 

 Excluder Devices (TED) in use in Indonesia. Do 

 you have any knowledge of this? 



Fisheries authorities and USAID people say that 

 there are no TEDs in use. 



CALDWELL; 



SCHULZ ; 



RE I CHART: 



MILLER; 



Are there laws to protect Indonesian turtles? 



Indonesian laws protect Chelonia my das . Caretta 

 caretta . and Eretmochelys imbricata . 



TEDs are not used in Indonesia or Malaysia, as 

 TEDs are believed to lose shrimp. 



Eggs are a most manageable life stage. 

 Reproduction begins at the feeding grounds where 

 the female follicles begin to function. Females 

 go to the mating area and are responsive to 

 several males. Sperm is stored and as the 

 follicles ovulate the ova become fertilized. True 

 infertility is very low in sea turtles. 



The fertilized egg moves into the oviduct and is 

 covered with albumin and shelling commences. 

 Eight to nine days are required for the turtle to 

 metabolize calcium out of the bones and onto the 

 shell membrane. 



The embryo begins division while the egg shell is 

 being laid down. The egg is ready to be laid a 

 day or two before nesting. Eggs are held at 

 constant temperature within the female's body. 

 Once oviposited, development goes forward. 



Effects of temperature are well known: eggs fail 

 to hatch below 23° C, and above 33° C malformation 

 and/or death occurs. The range of temperature 

 tolerance is 10° C. 



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