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goals and mobilizing social energies for their achievement. It is a 

 moral or ethical function, because both the goals and the means of 

 their implementation must be compatible with national ethical 

 standards if they are to be accepted. They must be coherent goals to 

 be both understood and manageable. The sense of national purpose 

 will be incomplete if it lacks either the unifying force of the Executive 

 leadership or the mediating assessment and approval of concerted 

 legislative leadership. Leadership is needed also in the supporting 

 institutions of government, in the coordinating bodies that relate the 

 programs of these institutions, and in the groups and institutions of 

 academicians, technical people, and others who influence the public. 

 The goals that express the national purpose must be technically 

 feasible and practicable. They must be politically acceptable. And 

 they must awaken the sustained enthusiasm and willing support of 

 all those whose shared efforts must be enlisted in their achievement. 



A SENSE OF THE SWEEP OF HISTORICAL CHANGE 



Eras of change call for a capacity for orchestrated national adapta- 

 tion — the adjustment to an evolving external world. Courses of action 

 that originate in the centers of power tend to be formed in reaction to 

 the perceptions of the immediate world of affairs. The achievement of 

 coherent and sustained foreign policy requires the input from many 

 sources less pressed by events and forces of the moment. As national 

 goals take form, mechanisms of planning that relate them to the real 

 world must relate them also to the relevant historical past, the evident 

 trends of the present, and the probable courses of the future. A sense 

 of time and a sense of timing are necessary for the ordering of goals and 

 priorities, and for the allocation of effort to the design of program 

 options and institutional instruments for their execution. A sense of the 

 sweep of historical change must embrace the functions of negotiation, 

 relations among states, and sources of tension and disaffection across 

 national boundaries. It must also comprehend the changes that occur 

 in the sources and expression of national power, of which technology is 

 a foremost element. Timing and change call for a capacity for orches- 

 trated national adaptation — the adjustment to an evolving external 

 world. 



TOOLS OF TECHNOLOGICAL DIPLOMACY 



The resources of technological diplomacy are a combination of 

 institutions (and their processes) and technologies. The institutions of 

 science provide a cultural base from which to establish bridges to the 

 rest of the world ; they are a training ground for technologists ; a source 

 of new technologies, and a means to an understanding of the workings 

 of new technologies. Diplomacy needs to find ways to exploit con- 

 structively the bridging function of world science. The institutions of 

 technology provide an innovative base for domestic industry and 

 foreign trade ; they generate the concepts, systems, and hardware that 

 are the substance of technology transfer. The innovations of technology 

 themselves, as well as the institutions that produce and manage them, 

 generate many, perhaps most, of the problems and opportunities of 

 present-day diplomacy. Out of the riches of technology should be 

 drawn diplomatic initiatives that best and most durably advance the 

 Nation's foreign policy goals. 



