CHAPTER 15— RECAPITULATION OF PURPOSE, SCOPE, 

 AND METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY 



Parts 3 and 4 present an analytical summary of the findings of a 

 7-year study by the Congressional Research Service of the problems 

 and functional interactions of science, technology, and American 

 diplomacy. The study had its origins in congressional concern with 

 science and technology that had been steadily mounting since World 

 War II. The prospectus for the study, attributing to science and 

 technology "an ever-increasing influence on domestic public policy," 

 added that they "also appear to have a growing effect on the content 

 and conduct of American foreign policy." ^ 



The general purposes of the study, as stated in the prospectus, was 

 "to provide Congress with background material useful in strengthening 

 the resources that support the conduct of American diplomacy." For 

 this purpose it would "describe and analyze the formulation and 

 administration of American diplomatic policies having significant 

 science and technology components." 



More specifically, the study was designed to examine six "cases" and 

 six "issues" in recent diplomatic history in order to — 



1. characterize processes and problems involving the interac- 

 tion of science and technology with diplomacy; 



2. define organizational requirements for the effective formula- 

 tion of important policies to direct and control activities involving 

 this interaction; 



3. identify ways in which the capabilities of agencies serving at 

 this interface can be strengthened legislatively or administra- 

 tively ; 



4. discover ways in which science and technology can better 

 support foreign policy objectives of the United States; and 



5. discover ways in which the conduct of diplomatic activities 

 can better support the healthy growth of national and interna- 

 tional science and technology.^ 



As noted in chapter 1, Lloyd V. Berkner posed two questions in 

 his 1950 report for the Department of State on "Science and Foreign 

 Relations": 



1. How can the potentialities of scientific progress be 

 integrated into the formulation of foreign policy, and the 

 administration of foreign relations, so that the maximum 

 advantages of scientific progress and development be ac- 

 quired by all peoples? 



2. How can foreign relations be conducted in such a manner 

 as to create the atmosphere that is essential to effective 

 progress of science and technology? ^ 



1 U.S. Congress, House, Committee on Foreign Affairs, Toward a New Diplomacy in 

 a Scientifio Age," In the series Science, Technology, and American Diplomacy, prepared for 

 the Subcommittee on National Security Policy and Scientific Developments by Franklin P. 

 Huddle, Science Policy Research Division, Congressional Research Service, Library of Con- 

 gress, Washington, D.C.. U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1970, 28 p. (Committee print.) Chapter 1 

 is a current version of tliis prospectus, updated to .luly 1977. See vol. I. pp. 1-.35 ; see p. .5 

 for the specific reference. 



^ Ibid., p. 8. 



^Ibid., p. 10. 



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