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humanity as it is sometimes allep:ed to be? If so, why, and in what 

 ways? What are its major areas of concern? What are its institutional 

 and procedural problems? W^hat possibilities are offered for leo^islative 

 strengthening of the institutions and the processes involved? 



In imposing some degree of uniformity on the separate cases and 

 issues it was hoped that from each separate study it would be possible 

 to draw insights and evidence that could be presented in a coherent 

 fashion in this summary report bearing on the outstanding policy 

 aspects of the science-technology-diplomacy interrelationship. These 

 policy aspects would also be identified, and confirmed or qualified, by 

 the cases and issues themselves. 



Options for congressional consideration to strengthen the U.S. 

 diplomatic apparatus, and possible ways to strengthen congressional 

 participation in the foreign policy process, are identified from an exam- 

 ination of all the cases and issues, taken together. In the concluding 

 chapter of the overall study, these findings are offered and discussed, 

 as are a number of questions of fundamental policy. 



Organization of Parts S and 4 



Following this introduction, in part 3, the six cases and the six 

 issues are recapitulated, subjected to further analysis by both in- 

 dividual authors and project codirectors, and, where appropriate, 

 brought up to date. In part 4 the report offers 6 essays of a more 

 extended nature on policy alternatives that have emerged out of the 

 12 studies as important questions governing future direction of the 

 diplomatic aspects of science and technology, and of the technical 

 aspects of diplomacy. Whereas the recapitulations — which might be 

 termed abstracts to which have been added observations from a 

 broadened and more current perspective — involve focusing on the 

 circumstances of the 12 studies, taken individually, and their im- 

 plications for the general theme, each of the essays examines all 12 

 of the studies from the perspective of one major aspect or dimension 

 of the general theme. 



An Anticipation of the Findings 



In the concluding chapter, a number of separate products ought to 

 emerge, properly documented and defined. One is a set of general 

 conclusions as to the need for reform of the institutional arrangements 

 for dealing with the broad scope of the subject. Another is a better 

 appreciation of the importance of the relationship between diplomacy 

 and both science and technology — but especially the latter. A third 

 is the particular set of problems and opportunities that challenge the 

 Congress to provide for their legislative solution or exploitation. 



OPPORTUNITIES FOR INSTITUTIONAL REFORM 



Many illustrations appear, in the individual studies of the project' 

 of the need to eliminate institutional gaps and deficiencies in the U.S. 

 diplomatic machinery that result from the emergence of technology as 

 a major force, if not the primary force, compelling diplomatic change 

 and adaptation to change. Among these illustrations are the following: 

 — The United States is preeminent in technology and admin- 

 istrative management but neither of these great attributes has 

 been effectively mobilized by the Department of State for pur- 

 poses of U.S. diplomacy. 



