1531 



PURPOSES OF THE IAEA 



In his December 1953 message, President Eisenhower had proposed 

 an international body with four main purposes: encouraging worldwide 

 investigation into peaceful uses of fissionable materials; cutting back 

 on atomic weapons stockpiles; advertising to all nations the desire of 

 the great powers to satisf}^ human aspirations rather than build up 

 armaments; and opening up a new channel for peaceful discussion of 

 the many difficult problems facing the world. What resulted after 

 more than 3 years of negotiations was an international statute which 

 specified the following qualified goal for the IAEA: 



The Agency shall seek to accelerate and enlarge the contribution of atomic 

 energy to peace, health, and prosperity throughout the world. It shall insure, so 

 far as it is able, that assistance provided by it or at its request or under its super- 

 vision or control is not used in such a way as to further any military purpose. 



Dr. Donnelly comments: "As 'military purpose' is nowhere defined 

 m the statute, the mission of the International Agency is general 

 enough to accomplish as little or as much as the member nations might 

 desire ".^^ 



The IAEA was expected to develop a system of international safe- 

 guards for nuclear materials. This most difficult issue posed the 

 dilemma of satisfying the general demand for a credible system of 

 inspection and control in the face of the reluctance of the nonnuclear 

 nations to surrender any sovereign rights to permit inspection by an 

 international agency. The Soviet Union took the side of sovereign 

 rights and has since continually opposed international inspection.^* 

 The final compromise reached was to restrict safeguards to IAEA 

 projects and projects voluntarily placed under the IAEA safeguards 

 system, 



EUROPEAN REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 



The two European regional organizations directly and indirectly 

 influenced in their origins by the Atoms for Peace initiative were the 

 European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) and the Nuclear 

 Energy Agency (NEA) of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation 

 and Development (OECD). (The latter, originally known as the 

 Organisation for European Economic Co-operation or OECC, includes 

 in its membership the United States, Canada, and Japan.) 



Euratom was established by the Treaty of Rome, signed on 

 March 25, 1957, to further development of nuclear power in the 

 European Economic Community — France, Italy, West Germany, 

 Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg. An underlying broader 

 goal was economic integration of Europe. Setting out ambitiously 

 to create a European nuclear technology and power industry, the 

 Community sought the advice of outstanding European technologists. 

 The result was a report, "A Target for Euratom," which "combined 

 the factors of energy and economic policy into a compelling argument 

 for European atomic integration." 



23 Ibid., p. 178. 



2< Departing from this position only briefly in 1963 at one stage of the negotiation of the I<imited Nuclear 

 Test Ban Treaty. How far the U.S.S.R. proposes to depart from this principle with respect to the ongoing 

 negotiations on extending the scope of the test ban, while also providing for peaceful uses of nuclear explo- 

 sions, remains to be seen. 



96-243 O - 77 



