Ii598 



Issue Four — U.S. Scientists Abroad: An Examination of Major Programs Page 



for Nongovernmental Scientific Exchange 1642 



Statement of the Issue 1643 



Importance of the Issue 1644 



How the Issue Developed; U.S. Involvement 1645 



Agencies Involved in U.S. Exchange Programs 1646 



The Fulbright-Hays (State Department) Program 1647 



Lack of Evaluation Procedures a Program Weakness 1648 



National Science Foundation Programs 1649 



The NAS-NRC Inter-Academy Exchasnges 1651 



Role of Congress 1653 



Fulbright-Hays Program 1653 



NSF Programs 1654 



NAS-NRC Programs 1654 



Status of the Issue; Prospects and Options 1655 



FCST Efforts To Improve Management of U.S. Exchange 



Programs 1656 



Author's Reassessment 1658 



Continuing Need for Better Direction and Coordination 1658 



Some Illustrative Questions 1659 



Issue Five — Brain Drain: A Study of the Persistent Issue of International 

 Scientific Mobility: 



Statement of the Issue 1661 



Importance of the Issue 1661 



How the Issue Developed 1662 



The Heightened Human Mobility of Modern Times 1663 



Impact of Decolonization on Brain Drain 1664 



Effects of Changes in Immigration Priorities 1664 



U.S. Involvement 1665 



Main Trends in Immigration 1666 



The Growing Influx of Foreign Medical Graduates 1666 



The Foreign Medical Graduates as a U.S. Domestic Problem 1667 



The Brain Drain as an International Issue 1668 



The Complexity of the Brain Drain Problem 1669 



Role of Congress 1670 



Status of the Issue 1671 



Prospects and Options 1673 



The Problem of Losing Track of Problems 1673 



Remedies for the Brain Drain Problem 1674 



Some U.S. Options in Coping With Brain Drain 1675 



Author's Reassessment 1676 



Some Illustrative Questions 1677 



Issue Six — Science and Technology in the Department of State 1678 



Statement of the Issue 1679 



Importance of the Issue 1680 



How the Issue Developed; U.S. Involvement 1681 



Official U.S. Concern With Science and Technology 1681 



The Berkner Report 1682 



Establishment of Post of Science Adviser 1 682 



The Ups and Downs of Science at State 1683 



Functions and Limitations of SCI 1684 



Shift of Presidential Science Advisory Functions to NSF and 



State; Creation of OES 1685 



Role of Congress. 1686 



Earlier Congressional Studies of Science, Technology, and 



Foreign Policy 1686 



Studies and Hearings by House Foreign Affairs Committee 1687 



Studies and Hearings by House Science and Astronautics Com- 

 mittee ■_ 1688 



Introduction of National Science Policy Bill 1689 



The Murphy Commission Report 1690 



Need of Added Congressional Resources 1690 



