THE BRAIN DRAIN 



Balacs, Peter and Anne Gordon. "Brain Drain and Income Taxation: A UK 

 Case Study." World Development, v. 3, Oct. 1975: 677-703. 



". . . Summarizes the UK experience of professional immigraticn from 

 LDCs since World War II, with specific estimates for the period between 

 1964-72. . . . Assess[es] the potential revenue which might be raised through 

 imposition of a surtax on after-UK tax incomes of professional immigrants. 

 This revenue would then be recj^cled back to the LDCs. The paper considers 

 such influences on immigration policy as UK employment prospects and 

 immigration policy in the USA, and closes with a discussion of the scope and 

 implications of the proposed tax." 

 Bhaqwati, Jagdish N. "Taxing the Brain Drain." Challenge, v. 19, July- Aug. 1976: 

 34-38. 



"There is a way to compensate for the brain drain from the less developed 

 countries to the developed countries. A supplementary income tax can be 

 imposed on immigrants' earnings in the developed countries; the funds raised 

 in this manner can then be routed to the less developed countries for devel- 

 ment spending." 

 Devoretz, Don and Dennis Maki. "The Brain Drain and Income Taxation: 

 Canadian Estimates." World Development, v. 3, Oct. 1975: 705-716. 



"It has recently been proposed that a surtax be levied on the incomes of 

 skilled immigrants from LDCs to DCs, with the proceeds used for develop- 

 mental spending in LDCs. This paper presents estimates of the amounts 

 which would have been collected by such a surtax in Canada in 1972 if it 

 had been levied at a 10 per cent rate on disposable (after regular income taxes) 

 income, assuming skilled immigrants were subject to the surtax for a period 

 of ten years following immigration. Estimates of the elasticity of the response 

 of immigrant flows to such a surtax are also presented." 

 Gish, Oscar. "Medical Brain Drain Revisited." International Journal of Health 

 Services, v. 6, no. 2, 1976: 231-237. 



Argues that "the international migration of doctors is primarily the result — 

 as well as a measure — of the maltraining and related malutilization of medical 

 manpower, and of graduates in particular." 

 Grubel, Herbert G. "Reflections on the Present State of the Brain Drain and a 

 Suggested Remedy." Minerva, v. 14, summer 1976: 209-224. 



Author believes "that the magnitude and the effects on welfare of the brain 



drain from poor countries do not warrant the institution of a tax on the income 



of highly skilled migrants in their new countries of residence." He suggests 



creating a tax exempt foundation in the United States for the benefit of the 



developing countries, supported by these skilled migrants. 



Immigration of Graduates of Foreign Nursing Schools. Report of the Conference. 



Bethesda, Public Health Service. 1975. 38 p. (Available from NTIS as HRP- 



0015196/9SL.) 



A report is presented of a conference convened by the Division of Nursing 

 to explore the question of establishing a preimmigration examination or other- 

 screening procedure for nurses immigrating to the United States. Data are 

 presented on the numbers, characteristics, and education of the foreign-trained 

 nurses, and results of licensure applications of foreign nurse graduates. In- 

 formation is provided on immigration laws and regulations, nonimmigrant 

 aliens, immigrant visas, and required documentation for a visa petition. It is 

 noted that securing clearcut information on foreign nurse graduates is difficult: 

 relevant informational needs and other data needs are discussed. A project to 

 investigate the feasibility of a preimmigration screening examination is de- 

 scribed, and recommendations are offered by an advisory council. The follow- 

 ing conclusions are drawn: information about graduates of foreign nursing 

 schools is incomplete and inadequate : no single universally accepted criterion 

 is available to determine if a visa applicant will meet State Boards of Nursing 

 requirements; State boards do not have a universally accepted credential for 

 issuing a temporary permit; indications are that the proportion of unlicensed 

 foreign-trained nurses will increase; and an organization should be established 

 as a central agency for all matters relating to immigration of foreign-trained 

 nurses. 



(2058) 



