1982 



International Atomic Energy Agency. Recommendations for the Physical Protection 

 of Nuclear Material. Vienna, 1972. 23 p. 



Recommendations for physical protection of nuclear material in use, 

 transit, and storage by a panel of experts assembled by the IAEA. 

 Jacobson, Harold Karan, and Eric Stein. Diplomats, Scientists and Politicians: 

 The United States and the Nuclear Test Ban Negotiations. Ann Arbor, The Univ- 

 versity of Michigan Press, 1966, 506 p. plus bibliography and index. 



"This study began in 1961 as a limited attempt to assess the impact of 



science and modern technology on the negotiating process and concepts 



of international organization, using the test ban negotiations then in process 



as a case study. When the Moscow Treaty was signed, however, it seemed 



wise to broaden the focus and to capture as many of the details as we could 



that might help to explain the first formal arms control agreement between 



East and West in the nuclear age." Source materials include "the records of 



the negotiations and the memoirs thus far published," and interviews with 



a large number of the participants. A concluding chapter relates this case 



to broader considerations in the formulation and execution of "American 



Security Policy," and international politics. 



Nau, Henry R. National Politics and International Technology: Nuclear Reactor 



Development in Western Europe. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, 



1974. 287 p. 



"Through a careful analysis of the political dimensions of nuclear tech- 

 nology in Western Europe, Nau challenges present conventional wisdom: 

 'National politics, far from becoming an increasingly inappropriate perspective 

 for studying technological relations among modernized societies, may be a 

 more relevant focus than integration or interdependence.' " (1) 

 Nau, Henry R. "The Practice of Interdependence in the Research and Develop- 

 ment Sector: Fast Reactor Cooperation in Western Europe." International 

 Organization, v. 26, Summer 1972: 499-526. 

 Pendley, Robert and Lawrence Scheinman, with the collaboration of Richard W. 

 Butler. "International Safeguarding as Institutionalized Collective Behavior." 

 International Organization, v. 29, no. 3, Summer 1975: 585-616. 



"International safeguards refer to a set of international agreements 

 establishing control over the production, use, and final disposition of fission- 

 able materials. Before the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) went into effect, 

 International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards had been applied 

 to 75 reactors and ten other nuclear facilities under 51 different agreements. 

 The design of the first regime was largely a function of political, strategic, 

 and economic rather than technical considerations. After 1971, safeguards 

 were made an integral part of the NPT, and became obligatory with respect 

 to all peaceful nuclear activities in signatory states. Negotiations on the 

 NPT safeguards regime focused on efforts to minimize the major asymmetrical 

 costs that this implied, and particularly to meet the objections of major 

 nonnuclear weapons states. The focus of controversy centered less on re- 

 sistance to incursions on sovereignty than on demands for equity in incursion. 

 In these negotiations, techpological factors facilitated the construction of a 

 politically acceptable regime." 

 Petros'yants, A. M. "Cooperation Through the 'Atoms for Peace' Program." 

 USA: Economics, Politics, Ideology, no. 3, Mar. 1974: 1-13. 



Russian report on the Soviet-American cooperation in the use of atomic 

 energy for peaceful puposes. 

 Roberts, J. Tom. "Uranium enrichment: Supply, Demand and Costs." Bulletin 

 of the International Atomic Energy Agency , v. 15, Oct. 1973: 14-24. 



Details international supply, demand, and costs of enriched uranium. 

 Scheinman, Lawrence. "Safeguarding Nuclear Materials." Science and Public 

 Affairs, v. 30, April 1974: 34-36. 



Discusses the need for and problems in developing physical security 

 systems for safeguarding special nuclear materials in an international context. 

 Segal, George. "Euratom Seeks a New Role." New Scientist, February 8, 1973: 

 310-311. 



Describes the major crises Euratom faces: a failure of the European 

 Economic Community to agree on the budget for the next proposed five 

 year program, strikes of personnel at the research bases, and the fundamental 

 question of whether or not the members of the EEC are prepared to accept 

 a meaningful community effort in advanced technology. 

 Shalmon, E. "International Reference Centre for Environmental Radioactivity." 

 Bulletin of the International Atomic Energy Agency, v. 15, Apr. 1973: 8-9, 11-12. 



