1947 



these initiatives largely through the private sector, government and industry 



may have to develop mixed public-private mechanisms for technology transfer 



in the future, reflecting both the declining role of government in f undmg new 



industrial technology- in the U.S. and the growing hostility to U.S. direct 



investment abroad. (3) While the effects of U.S. technology transfer in the 



past, particularly through private investment have been direct and associated 



with American commercialism and mass culture, these eff"ects in the future 



may be considerably attentuated, since U.S. technology may be exported 



more frequently independent of equity or management control and thus be 



influenced more by local inputs of materials and personnel." 



Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Towards CerUraL Oow- 



ernment Computer Policies: Data Base Developments and International Dimensions, 



By R. Pipe. Paris, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, 



1973. 220 p. (OECD Informatics Studies, No. 5.) ' 



Presents and analyzes the important characteristics of government policies 



in computer utilization in fourteen OECD member countries and a number of 



findings relevant to automated data processing at government policy levels 



are developed. u u u 



Perspectives on International Scholarly Exchange. Report of a conference held by 



the Committee on International Exchange of Persons at the National Academy 



of Sciences Summer Studies Center, Woods Hole, Mass., August 24-25 1972. 



Washington, D.C., Council for International Exchange of Scholars, 1974. 3(J p. 



Peters, E. Bruce. "Are We Giving Away Our Science and Technology? The 



Journal Of Business Communication, v. 12, no. 2, Winter 1975: 3-19. 



The author offers empirical evidence to demonstrate that an open scientitic 

 and technical information policy does not necessarily disadvantage a Nation s 

 capabihty, but on the contrary tends to enhance it, by generating substantial 

 return information flow. 

 Peters E Bruce. "Cultural and Language Obstacles to Information Iransfer 

 in the Scientific and Technical Field." Management International Revievy^ 

 V. 15, no. 1, 1975:75-88. _, ^ . 



"Anyone who has ever tried to work through an interpreter doesn t nave- 

 to be told about cultural and language obstacles to an effective transfer of 

 information and thought. It's hard enough to gain real communication 

 within the homogeneous background of one's own family. As backgrounds ■. 

 become more divergent, the difficulties in comrounication increase in a^ 

 corresponding manner. 



"There is a voluminous body of writings by linguists, anthropologists', 

 psychologists, and sociologists which points to the many difiiculties of cross 

 cultural communication. These potential obstacles are concerned not only 

 with language but also the aspects of unspoken language, perception, cultural 

 and occupational mores. 



"Despite these many actual and potential barriers to communication, a 

 body of recent empirical research shows that in some cases the obstacles have 

 apparently been overrated as impediments to effective communication. This 

 article first describes the potential obstacles and then the results of research 

 on information transfer in international scientific and technological meetings." 

 Peters, E. Bruce. "International, Scientific and Technical Meetings: Why Go? 

 Who Profits?" R and D Management, v. 5, no. 2, Feb. 1975: 139-147. 



"A growing body of empirical research shows that information which is 

 actually put to use is most often transmitted by personal contact. This article 

 reviews the hterature to examine some of the reasons for the importance of 

 personal contact in the transmission of information and then focuses on 

 scientific and technical meetings as an environment designed to facilitate 

 the transmission of information in this way. The review of the literature is 

 included for completeness in Part II of the article. However, it is the founda- 

 tion on which the empirical research described in Part I is based. 



Using the author's definition of meeting effectiveness this research shows 

 that the person who is giving the most is also the most effective in gaining and 

 utilizing information." 

 Pontecorvo, GiuHd and Maurice Wilkinson. "An Economic Analysis of the 

 International Transfer of Marine Technology." Ocean Development & Inter- 

 national Law, V. 2, Fall 1974: 255-283. 



"This paper develops a general economic framework for the analysis 

 of international technology transfer, provides an analysis and categorization 

 of countries, and concludes with a case study on the Peruvian fish-meal 

 industry." 



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