1642 



"What is the comparative cost/benefit advantage of multilateral 

 versus bilateral programs in dealing with the food/people equation in 

 •developing countries? 



What are the implications for future U.S. diplomacy of the increased 

 reliance of developing countries on U.S. food supplies? How is this 

 rehance to be reconciled with U.S. commitments to supply grain to the 

 U.S.S.R., a large part of which is designed to faciUtate Soviet produc- 

 tion of meat for internal consumption? 



How long will the extensive conversion of grain into meat remain 

 ■an acceptable practice for the United States or any other country, 

 in view of the emerging necessity for conservation of foodstuffs? 



What improvements might be achieved, and to what end, in U.S. 

 relations with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United 

 Nations, the World Bank, the United Nations Fund for Population 

 Activities, and the United Nations Population Commission? 



How can U.S. expertise in agricultural R. & D. methodologies and 

 technology transfer be effectively made available to developing 

 countries? 



Might food surplus countries act cooperatively to ease food short- 

 ages elsewhere? Would it be feasible to balance food supply and 

 demand within geographic regions? 



Could a situation arise in which world food needs so exceeded the 

 available supply that the leading surplus countries, perhaps in con- 

 junction with the United Nations, were obliged by circumstance to 

 resort to the triage procedure in allocating food to needy countries? 



How long will present maldistribution practices continue, and what 

 populations are likely to be exposed to widespread starvation mean- 

 wliile? 



Is there currently enough food to feed the world's population? 

 Are shortages the result of failures in production, or distribution? 



If world population continues to increase at the present rate, and 

 assuming no further technological breakthroughs in agriculture, is 

 there likely to be a breakdown on a massive scale of the world's 

 abiUty to feed itself, and if so, when might such a breakdown be 

 expected to occur? 



What is the best general estimate of the impact of the Green Revolu- 

 tion on the less-developed countries? Should additional inputs of mod- 

 ■ern technology be made available to the agriculture of those countries, 

 and if so, in what sectors? How should it be disseminated? 



Should the United States continue to give priority in its aid pro- 

 grams to family planning assistance? Would such programs be more 

 effective if transferred to multilateral sponsorship? 



ISSUE FOUR— U.S. SCIENTISTS ABROAD: AN EXAMINATION OF MAJOR 

 PROGRAMS FOR NONGOVERNMENTAL SCIENTIFIC EXCHANGE"* 



U.S. Government arrangements for sending nongovernmental 

 technical "^ personnel abroad to study, conduct research, attend meet- 

 ings, or lecture have been initiated at intervals over the past three 



"< U.S. ConRress, House, Cominittpe on Foroign Affairs, U.S. ScievtiMs Abroad: An Examination of 

 Major '^rnqrams for NonqDvernmcntal Scientific Excttange, a study in the series on Science, Technology, and 

 Americuii Diplomacy prepared for the Subcommittee on National Security Policy and Scientific Develop- 

 ments hy Genevieve J. Knezo, analyst in science and technology, Science Policy Research Division, Con- 

 •gressinnal Research Service. Library of Congress, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 

 April 1974. See vol. U, pp. 865-1035. 



"s As used in this commeiitary, the word "technical" generally encompasses science and technology; 



