1654 



authorizing legislation for present educational and cultural exchange 

 programs. It had wide support in the Congress and was adopted in the 

 House 378 to 32, in the Senate 79 to 5. Among other things, the 

 Fulbright-Hays act : 



— made financial arrangements more flexible to support long-range bina- 

 tional planning and financing by permitting reservation of foreign currencies 

 in advance, dollar financing, interagency transfer of funds for programs, and 

 the extension of support to individuals as well as to institutions; 



— authorized private sector evaluation research on educational and 

 cultural exchange; 



— expanded the program to include U.S. and foreign participation in 

 international educational and scientific meetings and created additional 

 centers of technical and cultural interchange, such as the East- West Center 

 in Hawaii; and 



— refined and strengthened binational program planning and the role of 

 private advisory groups in administering the program. ^'^^ 



NSF PROGRAMS 



1950 — Establishment of the NSF by the National Science Founda- 

 tion Act of 1950; NSF given limited authority for international 

 science activities, but only to support U.S. domestic science. 



1958 — NSF authority to foster interchange of information among 

 U.S. and foreign scientists broadened by passage of the National 

 Defense Education Act of 1958. 



1959 — NSF enabling legislation amended to read "international 

 science activities" instead of the more limited "international science 

 research activities." 



Mid-1960s — Congress "gave critical attention to further expansion 

 of the agency's mandate. Three areas received major concern: social 

 science research, applied research, and international science." ^°^ 



1968 — Legislation proposed by Science, Research, and Development 

 Subcommittee Chairman Emilio Q. Daddario enacted, expanding the 

 Foundation's mandate to "initiate and support specific scientific 

 activities in connection -with matters relating to international coopera- 

 tion," on their own merits and not just in relation to domestic science. 

 The NSF amendments of 1968 also expanded the jurisdiction of the 

 Subcommittee on Science, Research, and Development to authorize 

 appropriations for the NSF. 



1971 — NSF requested by House Committee on Science and Astro- 

 nautics to furnish Congress with a line item budget. In response, 

 NSF began to use a consistent format for reporting international 

 science activities, 



NAS-NRC PROGRAMS 



The area of congressional oversight responsibility includes the 

 National Science Foundation but only indirectly, through the NSF, 

 that of the National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council. 

 Apart from references to the wide-ranging hearings of the House 

 Committee on Science and Astronautics in May 1971 on A General 

 Beview of International Cooperation in Science and Space, mention 

 in the study of congressional interest in the inter-Academy exchanges 



2(x Jbid., p. 895. 

 205 Ibid., p. 919. 



