1872 



famine and tribal strife in Africa, are only recent illustrations of the problems that 

 have been shaking the foimdations of this volatile, troubled third world. '^^ 



Thus, the argument runs, social and economic development is a requi- 

 site for peace in these regions, and technological leadership is a requi- 

 site for social and economic development. To the extent that techno- 

 logical expertise drains away from the LDCs, the root causes of unrest 

 are enlarged. 



It is an inherent characteristic of the brain drain issue that it is 

 long range and requires attention over a longer time span. Even in the 

 long term, any effectively total solution to the problem is most un- 

 hkely. And in the present state of mind of the American people, when 

 attention is directed mainly inward, vigorous attention to the inter- 

 national brain drain on a short-term basis is even less likely. Thus, the 

 brain drain issue seems to belong on the agenda of long-range diplo- 

 matic poHcy planners. Its solution could contribute to a "world in 

 balance, with economic and social opportunity within the grasp of all 

 inhabitants and a sense of hope in all nations." ^®^ 



ISSUE six: science and technology in the department of state 



"The thesis of this study is that the world environment of diplomacy 

 has changed in ways that make necessary a deeper involvement of the 

 Department of State in science and technology, a more perspicacious 

 outlook toward technical trends for the future, and a more positive 

 approach to the generation of innovative technical poHcy." ^^ An 

 essential ingredient wiU continue to be a strong capabihty for long- 

 range policy planning insulated from the day-to-day requirements of 

 reactive and operational planning but yet having access to decision- 

 making elements in the Department and in the White House. A 

 sei)arate requirement is also suggested : a parallel long-range planning 

 unit in diploma tic poUcy for the Congress. 



The nature of the long-range planning process was described by 

 Roger Hilsman as "analyzing the nature of the problem and making 

 broad strategic choices for deaUng with it." It involved "a groping 

 effort at understanding the nature of the evolving world around us." 

 It was distinguished from short-range planning, which was "working 

 out the moves and coimtermoves in the midst of an ongoing 

 situation." ^^ 



Knowledge and the analysis of knowledge are the essence of long- 

 range planning. The study describes the information requirements as 

 f oUows : 



— ^An understanding of the total decisionmaking process 

 involved ; 



— A formulation of relevant national goals; 

 _ — A characterization of present and probable future prevaiHng 

 circumstances; 



— The relation of the issue in question to all of these; and 

 — An elaboration of the factors that define the changing nature 

 of the issue. 



M8 Ibid., pp. 1310, 1317. 



«67 Jhid., p. 1318. 



"' Huddle, Science and Technology in the Department of State, Vol. II, p. 1491. 



«M/6id., p. 1414. 



