1897 



It can be observed that these subdivisions are not as logical as one 

 might wish, nor are they complete in scope. Industrial technology, 

 materials matters, and health are neglected, for example. Also eight 

 "technologies" and a general "scientific" subject are subsumed under 

 "scientific affairs." However, the principle of elevating the tech- 

 nological concerns of the Department of State to the level of Under 

 Secretary could give status and visibility to a largely neglected, 

 decisively important area of diplomatic concern and help to motivate 

 Foreign Service personnel to familiarize themselves with the relation- 

 ships between technology (and science) and diplomacy. 



However, it should be noted that technological diplomacy cannot 

 be concentrated within a single subdivision of the Department of 

 State. It is of concern in the regional bureaus, the embassies, and 

 the functional bureaus. Unless tliis fact is recognized in a practical 

 way, the elevation of "science and technology" to Under Secretary 

 status will remain a paper action. More functional change than 

 organizational rearrangement of titles is called for. For one example, 

 as the Murphy Commission pointed out, there is a "crucial link 

 between technological capabilities and the enhancement of important 

 military capabilities." 



Moreover, it is unlikely that the strengthening of the Department 

 of State could take place to any significant degree without the sym- 

 pathetic understanding of the Congress and determined efforts by 

 the Department itself. For the Congress to agree to supplying 

 budgetary and legislative support for technology planning and 

 programing by the Department of State requires that the Congress 

 be satisfied not only that such support is needed in the public interest 

 but also that it can be effectively used by the Department. The 

 result of the congressional attempt to strengthen the Department's 

 science office provides some negative evidence here. Elevation of 

 the principal science officer to the level of Assistant Secretary and 

 concentrating important technological functions under this officer 

 did not of itself produce the result sought by the Congress. To elevate 

 the level of "science" one more notch without assurance that the 

 Department would take it seriously would not bring lasting change. 



The Murphy Commission's emphasis on the relationship of tech- 

 nology (i.e., "science") and economics was reflected also in the 

 attention given to the international diplomatic role of the Treasury 

 Department. The point of this attention is the interaction of domestic 

 and foreign technological development -and economic growth. The 

 question is whether strengthened technological sophistication should 

 be provided in both Departments, and whether State should take a 

 more purposeful and constructive stance toward domestic technology 

 with international implications, or whether there should be a closer 

 and more effective working relationship among three interested 

 Departments, with Treasury leading in financial matters. Commerce 

 in domestic technological matters, and State in trade, international 

 technology, and diplomacy generally. 



TECHNOLOGICAL MISSION AGENCIES 



Seven departments and four independent agencies handle the bulk of 

 technological activities of the Federal Government. A few of these 

 have representatives in embassies abroad, and most have "inter- 

 national" offices to maintain contacts with foreign governments. The 



