INTERNATIONAL TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AND TECHNICAL 

 ASSISTANCE: THE DEVELOPING NATIONS 



A. Genekal and International Issttes 



Baranson, Jack. International Transfer of Automotive Technology to Developing 

 Countries. [New York} UNITAR, 1971. 95 p. (United Nations Institute for 

 Training and Research. UNITAR research reports, no. 8). 

 Bilateral Institutional Links in Science and Technology, No. 13, Science Policy 

 Studies and Documents, UNESCO, Paris, 1969. 98 p. 



"Tliis report is a 'survey and analysis of the existing extent of co-operative 

 links in the field of science and technology, between advanced and developing 

 countries' and, in addition, it makes 'proposals for promoting the wider intro- 

 duction erf such arrangements.' Based primarily on questionnaires, the study 

 covers details of several hundred current bUateral institutional links. A 

 selected list of several hundred bilateral institutional links involving universi- 

 ties, research institutions, museums, private enterprises and cooperative 

 indiistrial research associations is presented, whirh includes the linking insti- 

 tutes from the developing country and the advanced country, and the subject 

 field. (This 'list is not presented as comprehensive; its purpose is rather 

 illustrative'). Other topics covered include: bilateral institutional links com- 

 bined with United Nations activities, role of non-government organizations, 

 advantages of institutional links, Unesco's programme for promoting insti- 

 tutional links, 'industrial research associations: their potential contribution 

 to overseas development,' 'bilatefal aid for development,' and 'East- West 

 co-operation in academic aid to developing nations.' " (4). 

 Caustin, Harold. The Search For New Methods of Technical Co-operation: a Report 

 on a UNITAR Weekend Seminar SO June-2 July 1972 at the Institute of De- 

 velopment Studies, Sussex University, England. New York, United Nations 

 Institute for Training and Research, 1974. 85 p. (United Nations Institute for 

 Training and Research. Conference report no. 4, 1974) 

 Hawthorne, Edward P. The Transfer of Technology. [Paris] Organization for 

 Economic Co-operation and Development [1972] 148 p. 



"The Ministers responsit^ for Science and Technology in the OECD 

 countries recommended, at their Third Meeting, that special attention should 

 be given to the problem of the technological gap in the less-developed member 

 countries of the Organisation. Accordingly, in October 1970 the OECD 

 organised a Seminar at Istanbul on the subject of the transfer of technology." 

 Holsti, K. R. "Underdevelopment and the 'Gap' Theory of International Con- 

 flict." American Political Science Review, vol. 69, no. 3, September 1975: 827- 

 839. 



"A common hypothesis about the sources of international conflict holds 

 that war and turmoil will be an inevitable consequence of the widening 

 'gap' between the developed and imderdeveloped states. This view is based on 

 a common Western image of underdeveloped countries which assumes that 

 striving for economic betterment is universal in all underdeveloped countries, 

 and is primarily a grassroots phenomenon. This essay challenges the hypothesis 

 and the assumptions upon which it is based. It argues that the images of 

 underdevelopment generated by economists using aggregated data are in 

 many cases incorrect or distorted. Studies by anthropologists which are 

 based on micro- rather than macro-data produce quite different impressions 

 of the underdeveloped society. The human costs involved are for the most 

 part overlooked in development schemes, and the wholesale importation of 

 Western economic development strategies has led in many cases not only to 

 a poor allocation of resources but also to many of the problems the developed 

 societies are now facing, including urban congestion, rising crime rates, 

 higher incidence of mental breakdown, and the like." The paper criticizes 

 some "common liberal solutions to develop problems. . . ." (5) 



(1950) 



