1984 



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'Hearings ... to review export policy and controls on nuclear materials 

 and technology. Testimony covers present controls on nuclear technology, 

 the role of the International Atomic Energy Agency and the Nuclear Non- 

 Proliferation Treaty, and miUtary implications of exporting nuclear 

 materials." (3) 

 U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Government Operations. Peaceful Nuclear 

 Exports and Weapons Proliferation: A Compendium. April rl975. 94th Cong., 

 1st sess. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Oflf., 1975. 13.55 p. (Committee print.) 

 This is a comprehensive anthology of articles and reports deaUng with 

 nuclear exports and weapons proliferation. It was prepared for the committee 

 to assist in considering S. 1439, the Export Reorganization Act of 1975 — 

 to reform the present Federal interagency system of controlling peaceful 

 nuclear exports as well as the export of other strategically significant com- 

 modities. It was also intended to assist in considering the agenda of the 

 Review Conference of the Nuclear Non-ProUferation Treaty Conference in 

 Geneva in May 1975. 



The document was prepared with the following objectives in mind: "It 

 is in the interest of the United States and all nations to estabhsh a strict, 

 uniform system of nuclear safeguards for detecting diversion and preventing 

 theft. Unfortunately, safeguards has long been a battleground for commercial 

 advantage among nuclear exporting nations, including the United States. 

 Short-term commercial interests have overshadowed long-term national 

 security interest. The inclination has been not to apply strict safeguards 

 conditions on commercial nuclear transactions out of fear that rival exporters 

 will permit weaker safeguards in order to win a sale. This compendium is 

 designed to provide a selected but comprehensive review of the legal, tech- 

 nical and policy aspects of this critical problem for all who seek an under- 

 standing of it." 

 Walsh, John. "Uranium Enrichment: Both the Americans and Europeans Must 

 Decide Where to Get the Nuclear Fuel of the 1980's." Science, v. 184, June 14, 

 1974: 1160-1161. 



Examines crucial decisions the United States and the member nations of 

 the European Community must make concerning the creation of new uranium 

 enrichment capacity. 

 Walsh, Warren Bartlett. Science and International Public Affairs. Six Recent 

 Experiments in International Scientific Cooperation. [Syracuse,! International 

 Relations Program, The Maxwell School of Syracuse University, 1967. 161 p. 

 Historical description of international scientific projects participated in by 

 scientists at Syracuse University. The objective, according to the author, was 

 to "identify and trace some of the impacts of science and scientists on inter- 

 national public affairs." The author describes formal and informal modes of 

 interaction, contrasts the objectives of international cooperation with do- 

 mestic political and social factors, such as labor union organization, and traces 

 .the evolution of objectives and organization of cooperation in international 

 scientific research and development. Cases studied are : The European Center 

 for Nuclear Research; The European Nuclear Energy Agency; The Inter- 

 national Atomic Energy Agency; The European Atomic Energy Community; 

 The European Space Research Organization; and The European Launcher 

 Development Organization. 

 Willrich, Mason, ed. International Safeguards and Nuclear Industry. Baltimore, 

 Johns Hopkins University Press, 1973. 307 p. 



A study of the International Atomic Energy Agency, Nonproliferation 

 Treaty safeguards system and the problems it must deal with. 

 Willrich, Mason and Theodore B. Taylor. Nuclear Theft: Risks and Safeguards. 

 Cambridge, Ballinger, 1974. 252 p. 



". . . The growing use of nuclear reactors to generate electric power 



will result in large amounts of materials that can be used to make 



nuclear weapons; these weapons are relatively easy to manufacture; terrorist 



organizations, criminal groups, or even one individual may be able to steal 



nuclear-weapons materials and threaten communities and governments. 



This report to the Energy Pohcy Project of the Ford Foundation offers 



specific recommendations for a system of safeguards." (1) 



Wonder, Edward F. "Uranium Enrichment in American-European Relations." 



Woodrow Wilson Department of Government and Foreign Affairs, University 



of Virginia. 1973. 9 p. 



Examines relations between the U.S. and Europe since World War II 

 with respect to three dimensions of the issue of uranium enrichment: security, 

 economics, and diplomacy. 



